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生态伦理学作为伦理学的一个应用性分支,具备伦理学的所有基本属性。一方面,正如伦理学的使命不是提出道德要求,而是为道德要求提供道德理由一样,生态伦理学的使命也不在于提出“保护生态”这一道德要求,而在于为该要求赋予道德理由和依据。人类中心主义和非人类中心主义正是生态伦理学为完成该使命而形成的两种基本论证方案:前者以“等差式的伦理关联”为理由,而后者以“一致性的伦理关联”为依据。另一方面,生态伦理学同样具有伦理学的根本局限,即,纵然提供了很好的道德理由或依据,也不能担保人们在实践上必然遵循道德要求。因此,针对生态问题的讨论必须突破伦理学层面,而去挖掘那些阻扰人们保护生态的政治症结。
Ecological ethics, as an applied branch of ethics, has all the basic attributes of ethics. On the one hand, just as the mission of ethics is not to make moral demands, but to provide ethical reasons for moral requirements, the mission of ecological ethics is not to put forward the moral requirement of “protecting ecology,” but to moralize the requirements Reason and basis. Anthropocentrism and non-anthropocentrism are the two basic arguments that eco-ethics has made to fulfill this mission: the former is based on the principle of “equal-difference ethical relation” and the latter is based on the principle of “consistent ethics Related ”as the basis. On the other hand, eco-ethics also has the fundamental ethical limitation that, even if good ethical grounds or grounds are provided, there is no guarantee that people will inevitably follow the moral requirements in practice. Therefore, the discussion of ecological issues must break through the ethical level, but to excavate the political problems that hinder people’s ecological protection.