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世界卫生组织(WHO)于1982年在意大利组织了专家会议,成立了世界卫生组织癌痛治疗专家委员会。这些专家们一致认为应用现有的和为数有限的镇痛药就可以解除大多数病人的疼痛。并提出到2000年达到在全世界范围内“使癌症病人不痛”的目标。他们将镇痛药按三个阶梯分类,一阶梯为非阿片类镇痛药,代表药物为阿司匹林,此外还有扑热息痛、布洛芬、消炎痛和萘普生等,用于轻度疼痛。二阶梯为弱阿片类镇痛药,代表药物为可待因,此外还有右丙氧酚、氧可酮和曲马多等,用于中度疼痛。三阶梯为强阿片类
The World Health Organization (WHO) organized an expert meeting in Italy in 1982, setting up the World Health Organization’s Expert Committee on Cancer Pain Management. These experts agree that using the existing and limited number of analgesics will relieve the pain of most patients. And put forward the goal of “making cancer patients painless” by the year 2000. They classify analgesics in three steps, one for non-opioid analgesics, one for aspirin, and one for paracetamol, ibuprofen, indomethacin, and naproxen for mild pain. The second ladder is a weak opioid analgesic drug on behalf of the codeine, in addition to dextropropoxyphene, oxycodone and tramadol, etc., for moderate pain. The third step is strong opioid