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弥散峰度成像（ DKI）是一种基于生物组织内水分子非高斯分布的新兴技术。 DKI描绘生物组织微观结构具有独特的优势，可以得到与传统弥散磁共振相比互补和独立的信息。 DKI技术所得到的额外参数信息可以评估组织微环境的复杂性在许多中枢神经系统疾病（如脑梗死、脑肿瘤、神经变性疾病等）的诊断，表现出很有意义的结果。该文对DKI的原理进行了介绍，并且聚焦于DKI在中枢神经系统疾病中的应用。“,”Diffusion kurtosis imaging ( DKI) is an emerging technique based on the nongaussian diffusion of water in biological systems.DKI has shown unique advantages in describing the microstructure of biological tissues and finding out independent and complementary information to the traditional diffusion techniques . The additional metric information can be used to evaluate the complex microstructural environment and has shown promising results in clinical applications,such as cerebral infarction,brain tumors,demyelinating dis-eases,etc.Here is to introduce the principle of DKI,with focus on the application in the central nervous sys-tem diseases.