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Abstract：The aims of translation workshop are to share experience and knowledge. Students usually firstly make a good understanding of the source text in detail and then analyze it in their own words and judge the stylistic feature and figure out the proper meaning then they discuss together and compare two or three kinds of translation together and finally make an appropriate translation version.
Key words： translation workshop； proper meaning； stylistic feature
中图分类号：Q50
Maybe some say that those students pay too much attention to the words which is meaningless to them.Actually， from such kind of discussion during this course，students can acquired many translation skills from such kind of discussion during this course . Also ， as English learners， if students can not give the word the proper meaning or understanding or even students can not translate the word with proper use in proper target language ， how can students translate the whole essay properly？
1.Analyze it in your own words.
When you get a passage， try to analyze it in your own words ， do not compare the two translation versions firstly， or you will lose your own mind. As we all know ，translation is a decision-making process. students should be clear in mind that under such context and at this time which is the best translation. Only in this way， can students get rid of the controlling of the translation versions and get our appropriate translation. When students translate words from English into Chinese， students should figure out that words in English seems to be a beautiful shell including contents and meaning， and when students should translate it into Chinese， students should firstly get into the shell to get its full meaning and get out of the shell to reword and readjust it.
Example 1：
Expanses unknown to deed or map are known to every dawn， and solitude， supposed no longer to exist in my county， extends on every hand as far as the dew can reach.（Aldo Leopold，2010-5）
我漫步走过，无拘无束，天知地知，地契不知，规划图不知，唯有清晨知我。 有人说，独处之美，在我的小村落已经不复存在，但事实上，它在四处延展，露珠到哪，它到哪。（王芳 譯）
During the first part， the “expanses”unknown here means i can follow my heart to walk over freely to places. And the author uses the personification here in the sentence“are know to every down”， which means that every down can witness my footprint while the land map or deed can not， so students readjust the sentence that every down， i walk over freely ， the deed or map （here the map means the map that record the land and owners）can not know but the down can see it. The “solitude”here not means lonely but means the state of being alone ，especially when this is peaceful and pleasant， so students translate into the beauty of alone. “supposed no long exist”refers to someone supposed that solitude don’t exist but should. students readjust “extends on every hand as far as the dew can reach”into in extends everywhere， where is the dew， there is the solitude.
Only students use Chinese words freely from our thoughts， can students make the words more accordant and coherent in the sentence and between the sentences .
2.Do not ignore the simple words with unfamiliar meaning.
If you want to be a good English learner， or a good translator， using good tools to find out the exact and unfamiliar meaning of the seemingly simple word is prominent. Mr.Qin recommend us many tools and websites especially Golden dict-the English to English dictionary -which helps us a lot to get the exact unfamiliar meaning to get command of the whole passage.
For example， simple words in in David Copperfield with unfamiliar meaning.
In consideration of the day and hour of my birth， it was declared by the nurse， and by some sage women in the neighborhood who had taken a lively interest in me several months before there was any possibility of our becoming personally acquainted， first， that I was destined to be unlucky in life； and secondly， that I was privileged to see ghosts and spirits； both these gifts inevitably attaching， as they believed， to all unlucky infants of either gender， born towards the small hours on a Friday night.（Charles Dickens ，1850，Chapter 1）
鑒于我出生的时辰和日期，我的助产士还有附近的一帮子见多识广的邻居街坊，一帮子在我出生几个月前就已经对我产生浓厚兴趣的女邻居，这帮子女邻居，她们都说，我这一辈子都注定倒霉；我出生就有一种特异功能，能看到鬼神，她们认为这种禀赋，会浮在所有的不幸的孩子身上，不论男女，只要周五晚上的那个时辰出生，皆是如此，谁也脱不了。（王芳 译）
In this part ， when you check the word “nurse”， you will get several meanings. The first related meaning is a person whose job is to take care of sick or injured people ，usually in a hospital. If students read the whole passage ， students could find that the author wasn’t injured or sick in hospital and at that time the author was born . The second meaning is a woman or girl whose job was to take care of the babies or small children in their own homes which means that a registed nurse， a mid-wife. Another word， the “sage”， which refers to the people who know things about the author and his surroundings， it not means the people who are really wise and knowledgeable. From these words， it’s not hard to make a conclusion that when you translate a word or a passage， you should be care about the small but vital word. If students ignore that， they will dig a wrong hole for our translation. Also ， students should rewrite it and readjust it in our own words before they translate it. They can see that the women there have too many attributive definitions ， such as some sage women ，in the neighborhood ，who had taken a lively interest in me， several months before ，there was any possibility of our becoming personally acquainted. What students chose is that students translate into a parallel sentence each begins with some .Only in this way， can students make the sentence more clear and translate the sense of irony. students will discuss about the paragraph in details later.
Example 2：
Whether i shall turn out to be the hero of my own life， or whether that station will be held by anybody else，these pages must show....（Charles Dickens ，1850，Chapter 1）
我該做我这个故事的主角呢？还是让别人做，接下来，我就这样写吧。。。（王芳 译）
The word“hero”in this essay means the character in the book not the familiar meaning of the people who survive others.In conclusion， if you give the word the familiar meaning which makes the sentence awkward ， you should check it and find whether it has another appropriate meaning for the word which can make the sentence quite natural before and after it.
Example 3：
Like other great landowner， i have tenants.（Aldo Leopold， 2010-5）
The 1st Version ：和大农场主一样，我拥有许多的租户。
The 2nd version ：和大地主一样，我拥有许多佃农。
The 3rd version： 和拥有大片土地的人一样，很多人租用我的地 （组译文）。
In this sentence，students should pay attention to the word “landowner”and “tenant”.The “landowner”here means a person who owns land ，especially a large amount of land. The “tenant ” in this sentence means someone who pays rent for the land that they use ， not for the place or building they use. In the 1ST version， the word “farmland ”is land which is farmed ， it stress that it was farmed or suitable for farming， but in this sentence students stress the people who owns this land. And the “tenant” in 1ST version is someone who pays rent for their place not the land which is proper for the sentence.However， in 2nd version the expression has a strong sense of feudal system which is not proper in Chinese. So， students make the 3rd version which is more proper to the sentence with the proper meaning and use in target language.
3.Judge the stylistic feature.
when you get a passage ， you should judge that it is a formal text or informal text from the words that come just before and after a word ， phrase or statement which help you to understand its meaning ，and then make a decision that you should try to translate it in formal and informal language. For example 1：
Would you take offense if i had the gall to plant a kiss on the beautiful shoulder？
You will figure out soon enough after the deed. （Das Album， ChapterIV， page 112）
The 1st version ：这么美得肩啊，我壮壮胆子亲上它一口，不会惹你生气吧？
亲亲就知道了（小组翻译）。
The 2nd version ：您是否介意我在您美丽的香肩上留下我深深的一吻？
吻罢便知（本人初译）。
When students get this dialogue， students should check the phrase that “have the gall to ” ， students can figure out that it’s an oral language which is informal. So， students should clearly translate it in the informal language instead of the formal language judging from the picture that offered to us. Obviously ， students chose the 1st version that students got from our discussion. Also， Mr. Qin told us that the noun and the static phrase with the suffix such as -ion/-ment which has high degree of formality than the verb phrase. For example， the word “determining”has a higher degree of formality than the verb phrase “make up one’s mind ”.
For example 2：
-You make your own fortune out of the canal.
-it is infamous.（Oscar Wilde， 2001 ）
The translation version ：
-一條运河让你发了财
-太不像话，成何体统。
The first sentence use the subject “you”，which is informal in dialogue. And in the second sentence， the author use the subject “it” propose the price not the person， and the noun “infamous”it means something is well known for some bad quality or deed （FORMAL）.So students translate the dialogue in informal language for the first sentence and the formal language in the second sentence.
4.Translate the meaning and the taste
When students translate it ， students should find out the speaker’s intention and the cultural intention from the language context and the degree of formality and decide the stability of the translation.
The first example is the example that students mentioned in the 2. When students read the whole passage， it’s not difficult to find that the author described it with heavy irony. So when students translate it， students should pay more attention to the author’s intention and translate it in ironic tone. For example when students translate “some sage women ”students use a parallel sentence to show the ironic attitude of the author and to express that these women are quite annoying.
Example 2：
“Macbeth”
Tomorrow， and tomorrow， and yadda yadda， the days are going by—what I，m saying is this is gonna last a long time， believe you me. Long. I see this candle， and I say—should I blow it out？ （Donald Trump Performs Shakespeare’s Soliloquies， The New Yorker Page 1 of 5）
Key words： translation workshop； proper meaning； stylistic feature
中图分类号：Q50
Maybe some say that those students pay too much attention to the words which is meaningless to them.Actually， from such kind of discussion during this course，students can acquired many translation skills from such kind of discussion during this course . Also ， as English learners， if students can not give the word the proper meaning or understanding or even students can not translate the word with proper use in proper target language ， how can students translate the whole essay properly？
1.Analyze it in your own words.
When you get a passage， try to analyze it in your own words ， do not compare the two translation versions firstly， or you will lose your own mind. As we all know ，translation is a decision-making process. students should be clear in mind that under such context and at this time which is the best translation. Only in this way， can students get rid of the controlling of the translation versions and get our appropriate translation. When students translate words from English into Chinese， students should figure out that words in English seems to be a beautiful shell including contents and meaning， and when students should translate it into Chinese， students should firstly get into the shell to get its full meaning and get out of the shell to reword and readjust it.
Example 1：
Expanses unknown to deed or map are known to every dawn， and solitude， supposed no longer to exist in my county， extends on every hand as far as the dew can reach.（Aldo Leopold，2010-5）
我漫步走过，无拘无束，天知地知，地契不知，规划图不知，唯有清晨知我。 有人说，独处之美，在我的小村落已经不复存在，但事实上，它在四处延展，露珠到哪，它到哪。（王芳 譯）
During the first part， the “expanses”unknown here means i can follow my heart to walk over freely to places. And the author uses the personification here in the sentence“are know to every down”， which means that every down can witness my footprint while the land map or deed can not， so students readjust the sentence that every down， i walk over freely ， the deed or map （here the map means the map that record the land and owners）can not know but the down can see it. The “solitude”here not means lonely but means the state of being alone ，especially when this is peaceful and pleasant， so students translate into the beauty of alone. “supposed no long exist”refers to someone supposed that solitude don’t exist but should. students readjust “extends on every hand as far as the dew can reach”into in extends everywhere， where is the dew， there is the solitude.
Only students use Chinese words freely from our thoughts， can students make the words more accordant and coherent in the sentence and between the sentences .
2.Do not ignore the simple words with unfamiliar meaning.
If you want to be a good English learner， or a good translator， using good tools to find out the exact and unfamiliar meaning of the seemingly simple word is prominent. Mr.Qin recommend us many tools and websites especially Golden dict-the English to English dictionary -which helps us a lot to get the exact unfamiliar meaning to get command of the whole passage.
For example， simple words in in David Copperfield with unfamiliar meaning.
In consideration of the day and hour of my birth， it was declared by the nurse， and by some sage women in the neighborhood who had taken a lively interest in me several months before there was any possibility of our becoming personally acquainted， first， that I was destined to be unlucky in life； and secondly， that I was privileged to see ghosts and spirits； both these gifts inevitably attaching， as they believed， to all unlucky infants of either gender， born towards the small hours on a Friday night.（Charles Dickens ，1850，Chapter 1）
鑒于我出生的时辰和日期，我的助产士还有附近的一帮子见多识广的邻居街坊，一帮子在我出生几个月前就已经对我产生浓厚兴趣的女邻居，这帮子女邻居，她们都说，我这一辈子都注定倒霉；我出生就有一种特异功能，能看到鬼神，她们认为这种禀赋，会浮在所有的不幸的孩子身上，不论男女，只要周五晚上的那个时辰出生，皆是如此，谁也脱不了。（王芳 译）
In this part ， when you check the word “nurse”， you will get several meanings. The first related meaning is a person whose job is to take care of sick or injured people ，usually in a hospital. If students read the whole passage ， students could find that the author wasn’t injured or sick in hospital and at that time the author was born . The second meaning is a woman or girl whose job was to take care of the babies or small children in their own homes which means that a registed nurse， a mid-wife. Another word， the “sage”， which refers to the people who know things about the author and his surroundings， it not means the people who are really wise and knowledgeable. From these words， it’s not hard to make a conclusion that when you translate a word or a passage， you should be care about the small but vital word. If students ignore that， they will dig a wrong hole for our translation. Also ， students should rewrite it and readjust it in our own words before they translate it. They can see that the women there have too many attributive definitions ， such as some sage women ，in the neighborhood ，who had taken a lively interest in me， several months before ，there was any possibility of our becoming personally acquainted. What students chose is that students translate into a parallel sentence each begins with some .Only in this way， can students make the sentence more clear and translate the sense of irony. students will discuss about the paragraph in details later.
Example 2：
Whether i shall turn out to be the hero of my own life， or whether that station will be held by anybody else，these pages must show....（Charles Dickens ，1850，Chapter 1）
我該做我这个故事的主角呢？还是让别人做，接下来，我就这样写吧。。。（王芳 译）
The word“hero”in this essay means the character in the book not the familiar meaning of the people who survive others.In conclusion， if you give the word the familiar meaning which makes the sentence awkward ， you should check it and find whether it has another appropriate meaning for the word which can make the sentence quite natural before and after it.
Example 3：
Like other great landowner， i have tenants.（Aldo Leopold， 2010-5）
The 1st Version ：和大农场主一样，我拥有许多的租户。
The 2nd version ：和大地主一样，我拥有许多佃农。
The 3rd version： 和拥有大片土地的人一样，很多人租用我的地 （组译文）。
In this sentence，students should pay attention to the word “landowner”and “tenant”.The “landowner”here means a person who owns land ，especially a large amount of land. The “tenant ” in this sentence means someone who pays rent for the land that they use ， not for the place or building they use. In the 1ST version， the word “farmland ”is land which is farmed ， it stress that it was farmed or suitable for farming， but in this sentence students stress the people who owns this land. And the “tenant” in 1ST version is someone who pays rent for their place not the land which is proper for the sentence.However， in 2nd version the expression has a strong sense of feudal system which is not proper in Chinese. So， students make the 3rd version which is more proper to the sentence with the proper meaning and use in target language.
3.Judge the stylistic feature.
when you get a passage ， you should judge that it is a formal text or informal text from the words that come just before and after a word ， phrase or statement which help you to understand its meaning ，and then make a decision that you should try to translate it in formal and informal language. For example 1：
Would you take offense if i had the gall to plant a kiss on the beautiful shoulder？
You will figure out soon enough after the deed. （Das Album， ChapterIV， page 112）
The 1st version ：这么美得肩啊，我壮壮胆子亲上它一口，不会惹你生气吧？
亲亲就知道了（小组翻译）。
The 2nd version ：您是否介意我在您美丽的香肩上留下我深深的一吻？
吻罢便知（本人初译）。
When students get this dialogue， students should check the phrase that “have the gall to ” ， students can figure out that it’s an oral language which is informal. So， students should clearly translate it in the informal language instead of the formal language judging from the picture that offered to us. Obviously ， students chose the 1st version that students got from our discussion. Also， Mr. Qin told us that the noun and the static phrase with the suffix such as -ion/-ment which has high degree of formality than the verb phrase. For example， the word “determining”has a higher degree of formality than the verb phrase “make up one’s mind ”.
For example 2：
-You make your own fortune out of the canal.
-it is infamous.（Oscar Wilde， 2001 ）
The translation version ：
-一條运河让你发了财
-太不像话，成何体统。
The first sentence use the subject “you”，which is informal in dialogue. And in the second sentence， the author use the subject “it” propose the price not the person， and the noun “infamous”it means something is well known for some bad quality or deed （FORMAL）.So students translate the dialogue in informal language for the first sentence and the formal language in the second sentence.
4.Translate the meaning and the taste
When students translate it ， students should find out the speaker’s intention and the cultural intention from the language context and the degree of formality and decide the stability of the translation.
The first example is the example that students mentioned in the 2. When students read the whole passage， it’s not difficult to find that the author described it with heavy irony. So when students translate it， students should pay more attention to the author’s intention and translate it in ironic tone. For example when students translate “some sage women ”students use a parallel sentence to show the ironic attitude of the author and to express that these women are quite annoying.
Example 2：
“Macbeth”
Tomorrow， and tomorrow， and yadda yadda， the days are going by—what I，m saying is this is gonna last a long time， believe you me. Long. I see this candle， and I say—should I blow it out？ （Donald Trump Performs Shakespeare’s Soliloquies， The New Yorker Page 1 of 5）