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不同气象环境下飞机部件的结冰外形是飞机结冰研究不可缺少的内容,它对开展结冰气动分析、结冰防护设计、结冰飞行操作和结冰适航取证等研究具有重要意义。结合国内外冰形测量技术发展现状,从接触测量方法和非接触测量方法两个方面分别介绍了现有冰形测量技术的操作流程及测量原理,系统分析总结了各自存在的优缺点。在此基础上,结合飞机结冰和结冰风洞试验的特点,归纳了冰形测量技术下一步发展面临的挑战,包括全类型结冰的精确测量、结冰全貌三维测量和结冰生长过程实时测量等,同时,从基础测量手段与数值计算融合发展的角度,展望了冰形测量方法未来的发展趋势。
The icing appearance of aircraft components under different weather conditions is an indispensable part of the research on aircraft icing. It is of great significance for the study of icing pneumatic analysis, icing protection design, icing flight operation and icing airworthiness certification. Combining with the current development of ice measurement technology at home and abroad, the operational flow and measurement principle of the existing ice measurement technology are introduced respectively from the contact measurement method and the non-contact measurement method. The advantages and disadvantages of each ice measurement system are summarized and analyzed systematically. On this basis, combined with the characteristics of the ice icing and icing wind tunnel tests, the challenges of the next development of the ice measurement technology are summarized, including the accurate measurement of the whole type icing, the three-dimensional measurement of icing panorama and the icing growth process Real-time measurement and so on. In the meantime, the development trend of the ice-shape measurement method is prospected from the perspective of the fusion of basic measurement and numerical calculation.