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Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of recombinant human interleukin-11 (rhIL-11) for the chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia in patients with gastrointestinal cancer. Methods: It was an opened and non-randomized controlled clinical study. When the platelet counts was under 75 × 109/L after chemotherapy, rhIL-11 was administered 25six patients were enrolled into this study. The treatment group and the control group had thirty-eight cases, respectively. The mean recovery time to PLT ≥ 100 × 109/L was 8.1 days in treatment group, while in control group was 12.2 days (P ＜ 0.01).Moreover, the mean recovery time from PLT ≤ 50 × 109/L to ≥ 100 × 109/L was 8.9 days in treatment group, while in control group was 12.9 days (P ＜ 0.05). There was a statistical difference between the two groups. Major side effects included edema,fever, articular muscle soreness, but they were all mild and well tolerable. Conclusion: rhIL-11 can be safely and effectively used for the treatment of chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia in patients with gastrointestinal cancer.