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科技高水平发展和先进科技成果的生产应用,早已成为世界各国的共识和致力发展的目标。从20世纪末开始,俄罗斯为建立以科技为依托的创新型经济作了很多尝试与努力,但取得的成果并不尽如人意。受乌克兰危机及由此引发的西方国家多轮制裁的影响,2014年起,俄罗斯经济出现了停滞和下滑。落后于西方国家的俄罗斯科技发展水平,未能在危机时期起到提振经济的关键作用。俄罗斯科技的发展受到多种因素的制约,是内因和外因共同作用的结果。当前俄罗斯政府将发展国防工业作为优先政策选择,符合俄罗斯的实际情况,以此可以实现摆脱制裁影响、刺激科技进步和成果转化、维护国家安全和促进经济增长的目的。
The high-level development of science and technology as well as the production and application of advanced scientific and technological achievements have become the consensus of all countries in the world and the goal of their dedication to development. Since the end of the 20th century, Russia has made many attempts and efforts to establish an innovation-based economy based on science and technology. However, the results achieved are not satisfactory. Affected by the crisis in Ukraine and the many rounds of sanctions imposed by the western countries, the economy of Russia has stagnated and declined since 2014. Russia lags behind the level of technological development in western countries and failed to play a key role in boosting the economy during the crisis. The development of science and technology in Russia is constrained by many factors and is the result of the combined effect of internal and external causes. At present, the Russian government regards the development of national defense industry as a priority policy choice and is in line with Russia’s actual conditions so as to achieve the goal of getting rid of the impact of sanctions, stimulating scientific and technological progress and transforming achievements, safeguarding national security and promoting economic growth.