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综合论述了国内外风化成土速率计算模型的研究方法及其成果。质量平衡法主要通过比较土层与成土母质之间元素组成的差异来计算风化速率,其关键是准确测定两者中元素的组成;Barth模型法主要是在小流域范围内通过化学侵蚀过程对沉积物的形成或母岩成土速率进行估算,但在估算时需结合土壤形成的各种条件和自然环境特征、生产力水平,需进行较多的校正;PROFILE模型通过矿物与土壤溶液之间风化和释放盐基阳离子的速率测定风化速率,是目前计算土壤风化成土速率公认的方法;Sr同位素比值法的关键因素是Sr同位素在地壳风化系统,如植被、土壤交换场、河流水、大气沉降和矿物风化中的分配模式和标样的选择,在土壤数据和其它数据的获取方面存在较大困难,仅用于典型土壤的研究。
Comprehensively discusses the research methods and achievements of the computational models of the rates of weathering and earth-shaking at home and abroad. Mass balance method mainly calculates the weathering rate by comparing the difference of elemental composition between soil layer and parent material, and the key point is to accurately determine the composition of the two elements. Barth model method is mainly through chemical erosion process in the small watershed Formation of sediments or rate of formation of parent rock. However, in the estimation, the conditions of formation of the soil and the characteristics of the natural environment and productivity should be combined to make more corrections. The PROFILE model, through the weathering of mineral and soil solution and The rate of release of salt-based cations determines the rate of weathering, which is a commonly accepted method of calculating rates of weathering of soils; the key element of the Sr isotope ratio method is the Sr isotopes in crustal weathering systems such as vegetation, soil exchange, river water, The distribution pattern of mineralization and the choice of standard samples have great difficulties in obtaining soil data and other data and are only used for the study of typical soils.