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现代人行为起源及演化研究是近年来旧石器考古学研究的热点,石叶技术作为现代人行为表现的重要组成部分,曾被认为是现代人所独有的石器技术.新的研究表明石叶技术与现代人群并不能完全对应,然而,石叶技术的规范性与多样性、时间分布的不连续性和空间分布的差异性,使其在讨论古人类的生存适应方式、技术扩散和人群迁移等问题中具有重要作用.通过梳理中国境内主要的石叶遗存,本文指出中国北方主要存在两种石叶技术:勒瓦娄哇石叶技术与棱柱状石叶技术.距今约4~3万年间,勒瓦娄哇石叶技术与棱柱状石叶技术相结合形成旧石器晚期初段的石器技术特征,该类遗址主要存在于中国的西北、东北和青藏高原等地,技术上与西伯利亚、蒙古等地的同类发现相似,空间上与之相连且与中国北方石片技术遗存的分布具有明确的界线,可能指示了人群的迁入;距今约2.9~2.5万年间,棱柱状石叶技术与细石叶技术相结合,分布范围深入到了中国北方的腹地,但其代表人群的迁移或仅代表适应方式的扩散还未有定论.本文进一步指出,具体研究石叶遗存时应区分不同的石叶生产系统,避免将不同的石叶技术笼统的作为同一技术体系讨论其所代表的技术及人群扩散等.
The research on the origin and evolution of modern human behavior is a hotspot in the study of Paleolithic archeology in recent years. As an important part of modern behavior, stone art has been considered as the unique stone technology of modern people. However, the difference between the normative and the diversity of the stone technology, the discontinuity of the time distribution and the spatial distribution makes it difficult to discuss the ways of survival, technology diffusion and population migration of ancient human beings Etc. By combing the main stone relics in China, this paper points out that there are mainly two kinds of stone technology in North China: Levallova stone technology and Prismatic stone technology, about 4 to 30,000 During the year, the Levalloow stone technology and the prism stone technology combined to form the early Paleolithic stone technology features, such sites mainly exist in China’s northwestern, northeastern and Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and other places, technically with Siberia, Mongolia Similar findings are found in other places, which are spatially connected and have a clear boundary with the distribution of the remaining remains of stone technology in northern China, which may indicate the move in of the population; Now about 2.9 ~ 2.5 million years, the prism stone technology combined with fine stone leaf technology, the distribution of depth into the hinterland of northern China, but its representative population migration or only represents the proliferation of adaptation has not yet been conclusive .This article further It is pointed out that different stone leaf production systems should be distinguished when studying stone remains in detail, and different stone technologies should be avoided as the same technical system to discuss the technology and population diffusion they represent.