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寿命在不同种动物或在同一种动物的不同个体差异很大。人类寿命的物种特异性及部分遗传性说明遗传因子影响衰老过程。体细胞支配理论提示了能量代谢在决定寿命上起关键作用。能量对于长寿的重要性表现在两个方面，其一，体细胞支配理论（ｄｉｓｐｏｓａｂｌｅｓｏｍａｔｈｅｏｒｙ）提示，细胞在生存和修复过程中能量的给予通过自然选择得以校正，以避免受到损伤。其二，细胞线粒体容易受到损伤，是因为有害因子通过影响氧化磷酸化过程而干扰了细胞的能量供给。氧化磷酸化产生ＡＴＰ，而作为副产物也产生了高反应性氧自由基。氧自由基可损伤包括线粒体在内的细胞结构，加速衰老过程。相反，依赖能量的抗氧化剂可以保护细胞免受损伤，以保持细胞内环境的稳定，因而延长寿命。而细胞能量的供给方式取决于遗传基因，这就是遗传影响寿命的根本原因。
Lifespan vary greatly among animals of different species or in different individuals of the same species. Species specificity and partial heredity of human life indicate that genetic factors influence the aging process. The theory of somatic dominance suggests that energy metabolism plays a key role in determining lifespan. The importance of energy for longevity is manifested in two aspects. First, the theory of somatic dominance suggests that the energy of cells during cell survival and repair is corrected by natural selection to avoid damage. Second, cell mitochondria are easily damaged because harmful factors interfere with the energy supply of the cell by affecting the oxidative phosphorylation process. Oxidative phosphorylation generates ATP, and as a by-product also produces highly reactive oxygen radicals. Oxygen free radicals can damage the cell structure, including mitochondria, accelerate the aging process. In contrast, energy-dependent antioxidants protect cells from damage to maintain a stable intracellular environment and thereby prolong life. And the way of cell energy supply depends on the genetic gene, which is the fundamental cause of genetic impact on life expectancy.