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[目的]了解上海市售水产品中镉污染状况及居民水产品食用情况,掌握本市居民食用水产品的镉暴露水平,评估水产品中镉污染对人体健康危害的风险。[方法]以分层随机抽样的方法,采集水产品样品428件,用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法进行样品检测;采用多阶段分层随机抽样的方法,应用食物频率表法调查本市2630名居民的水产品食用情况;应用膳食摄入量评估模型和Crystal Ball软件进行镉暴露的评估。[结果]上海市售水产品中镉含量平均值为0.038 3 mg/kg,淡水鱼、海水鱼、甲壳类、软体类水产品中镉含量平均值分别为0.008 2、0.016 8、0.046 9、0.0910mg/kg;上海市居民对该4类水产品的平均日消费量分别为21.78、10.85、28.43、3.81g/d;青年人淡水鱼和甲壳类水产品消费量较高,平均值分别为29.38g/d和39.37g/d,中年人海水鱼消费量较高,平均值为15.96g/d,老年人、幼儿各类水产品消费量均较低。本市居民食用水产品镉摄入量的95%可信区间为(0.00,0.12)mg/周,4.80%的居民镉摄入量超出暂定每周容许摄入量(PTWI)。幼儿、未成年、青年、中年及老年人镉摄入量的第97.5百分位数分别为0.05、0.13、0.10、0.15和0.14mg/周。[结论]上海市居民食用水产品镉暴露水平偏高,4.80%的居民存在镉的健康危害风险,尤其是幼儿及未成年人。
[Objective] To understand the status of cadmium pollution in aquatic products in Shanghai and the consumption of aquatic products by residents, grasp the level of cadmium exposure of residents’ aquatic products and evaluate the risk of cadmium pollution in aquatic products to human health. [Method] With the method of stratified random sampling, 428 samples of aquatic products were collected, and the samples were detected by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. The multi-stage stratified random sampling method was used to investigate 2630 residents Of the consumption of aquatic products; assessment of cadmium exposure using a dietary intake assessment model and Crystal Ball software. [Result] The average content of cadmium in commercial aquatic products in Shanghai was 0.038 3 mg / kg. The average contents of cadmium in freshwater fish, marine fish, crustacean and molluscan products were 0.008 2,0.016 8,0.046 9,0.0910 mg / kg. The average daily consumption of the four types of aquatic products in Shanghai was 21.78, 10.85, 28.43 and 3.81 g / d, respectively. The consumption of freshwater fish and shellfish aquatic products was higher in young people, with an average of 29.38 g / d and 39.37g / d. The consumption of marine fish in middle-aged people is high, with an average value of 15.96g / d. The consumption of various aquatic products for the elderly and children is low. 95% confidence interval for drinking water intake of residents of this Municipality was (0.00,0.12) mg / week. 4.80% of residents’ cadmium intake exceeded the tentative weekly allowable intake (PTWI). The 97.5th percentile for childhood, adolescent, young, middle-aged and elderly cadmium intake was 0.05, 0.13, 0.10, 0.15 and 0.14 mg / week, respectively. [Conclusion] The level of cadmium exposure of Shanghai residents consuming aquatic products is high, and 4.80% residents are at risk of health hazards of cadmium, especially young children and minors.