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本文研究了甲基膦酸二(1-甲庚)酯(DMHMP)苯溶液萃取硝酸铀酰和硝酸钍的机理。分别测定了萃合物的组成为UO_2(NO_3)_2·2DMHMP和Th(NO_3)_4·3DMHMP。在恒定离子强度μ=2.0时,求得了DMHMP萃取硝酸铀酰和硝酸钍的平衡常数分别为1gK_U=4.6,1gK_(Th)=4.3。同时用Leden法求出了硝酸钍络合物的四级累积稳定常数β_1=8.0,β_2=5.2,β_3=0.8,β_4=1.3,与计算机算得结果基本一致。对萃取分配比的实验值和计算值进行了比较,结果相符。还比较了磷酸三丁酯(TBP)对铀钍的萃取数据,表明DMHMP用于铀钍的分离和纯化上是一种性能优于TBP的萃取剂。
In this paper, the mechanism of extraction of uranyl nitrate and thorium nitrate from benzene solution of bis (1-heptyl) methyl phosphonate (DMHMP) was studied. The compositions of the extracts were determined as UO_2 (NO_3) _2 · 2DMHMP and Th (NO_3) _4 · 3DMHMP, respectively. The equilibrium constants of uranyl nitrate and thorium nitrate were 1 gK_U = 4.6 and 1 gK_ (Th) = 4.3 at a constant ionic strength of μ = 2.0. The four-level cumulative stability constants β_1 = 8.0, β_2 = 5.2, β_3 = 0.8, β_4 = 1.3 were obtained by Leden method. The calculated results are basically the same as those calculated by computer. The experimental results and calculated values of the extraction distribution ratio were compared and the results were consistent. The extraction data of uranium-thorium tributyl phosphate (TBP) were also compared, indicating that DMHMP is an extractant superior to TBP in the separation and purification of uranium-thorium.