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水文采用光学显微镜、电子显微镜、X射线衍射、显微硬度和磨损试验等方法,研究了热处理对化学沉积4.9％P的镍磷合金层组织和性能的影响。研究证明,该合金沉积层在镀态下具有片层状组织,为晶态,是磷在镍中的过饱和置换固溶体,晶粒极细,结构不完整,存在高密度的堆垛层错。同时,沉积层为定向沉积,具有以密排面(111)平行于基体表面的择优取向。在加热时析出Ni_3P相,其析出温度约为350～420℃。热处理能显著提高沉积层的硬度和耐磨性,镍磷合金是典型的沉淀硬化型合金,Ni_3P相共格析出是其强化的主要原因。凡经热处理后硬度Hv=1000公升/毫米~2以上者,都具有高的耐磨性。
Hydrology The effects of heat treatment on microstructure and properties of electroless Ni-P alloy with 4.9% P were investigated by means of optical microscope, electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, microhardness test and wear test. The results show that the alloy deposit has a lamellar structure in the as-deposited state, which is a crystalline state, which is a supersaturated substitution solid solution of phosphorus in nickel. The crystal grains are extremely fine and the structure is incomplete, and there is a high-density stacking fault. At the same time, the deposit is a directional deposit with a preferred orientation parallel to the surface of the substrate in a row (111). Precipitation Ni3P phase heating, the precipitation temperature is about 350 ~ 420 ℃. Heat treatment can significantly improve the hardness and wear resistance of the deposited layer, Ni-P alloy is a typical precipitation hardening alloy, Ni_3P phase coherent precipitation is the main reason for its strengthening. Where the heat treatment after the hardness Hv = 1000 liters / mm ~ 2 or more, all have high wear resistance.