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万古霉素是1956年从东方链霉菌(Streptomy-ces orientalis)中分离得到的一种多肽抗生素,因耳、肾毒性而在临床应用中受到限制。但其临床疗效肯定,且具一定的抗菌特点,故近年来又逐渐得到重视,现已成为临床上一种重要的抗生素,不仅对耐青霉素G的金黄色葡萄球菌(金葡菌)有强大的抗菌作用,对难辨梭状芽胞杆菌引起的伪膜性肠炎也极为有效,况且在过去30年中,对其耐药的细菌一直未见增加,所以它的临床应用越来越受到人们的关注。一、临床应用 (一)抗生素诱发的结肠炎产毒素的难辨梭状芽胞杆菌是应用抗生素后并发结肠炎或腹泻的主要病原。一旦疑为此病,最重要的是停用抗生素,口服万古霉素对这类结肠炎是有效的,剂量为每日0.5～2.0克,分3～4次口服,服药后一般在4～96小时内腹
Vancomycin is a polypeptide antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces orientalis in 1956, which is limited in clinical application due to ear and nephrotoxicity. However, its clinical curative effect is affirmative and has certain antimicrobial properties. Therefore, it has gradually gained attention in recent years and has become an important antibiotic in clinical practice. It not only has strong resistance to penicillin G-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (Staphylococcus aureus) The antibacterial effect is also very effective against pseudomembranous colitis caused by Clostridium difficile, and in the past 30 years there has been no increase in the resistant bacteria, so its clinical application has drawn more and more attention . First, the clinical application (A) antibiotic-induced colitis Toxins-producing Clostridium difficile is the main pathogen of colitis or diarrhea after antibiotics. Once suspected of the disease, the most important is the withdrawal of antibiotics, oral vancomycin is effective for such colitis, the dose of 0.5 to 2.0 grams per day, divided into 3 to 4 times orally, usually after taking 4 to 96 Hrs