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目的掌握陕西省不同区域农村集中式供水水质卫生状况,为进一步科学、精准的开展农村改水提供科学依据。方法于2015年3月至10月,对陕西省全部涉农区县的农村集中式供水工程开展卫生学调查和水质分析。数据按照关中地区、秦巴山区和陕北地区分别统计、分析与评价。结果关中地区水样达标率(64.89%)显著高于秦巴山区(33.45%)与陕北地区(33.45%)(P<0.05);关中地区、秦巴山区和陕北地区水源类型分别以深井水、溪水和浅井水为主;三个区域拥有消毒措施的供水工程占比均低于35.00%;关中地区、秦巴山区和陕北地区总大肠菌群的达标率分别为85.76%,36.46%和59.51%;菌落总数的达标率分别为94.09%,87.56%和74.28%。关中地区氟化物和铬(六价)的达标率分别为89.06%和97.70%;陕北地区氟化物、铬(六价)和硝酸盐氮的达标率分别为88.15%,88.15%和92.82%。结论微生物污染是影响陕西省农村集中式供水工程水质的主要因素。关中地区、陕北地区氟化物和铬(六价)等毒理学指标超标现象普遍。
Objective To grasp the sanitary conditions of centralized water supply in rural areas in different regions of Shaanxi Province and provide scientific basis for further scientific and accurate water diversion in rural areas. Methods From March to October 2015, hygiene investigation and water quality analysis were carried out in rural centralized water supply projects in all the farming-related counties in Shaanxi Province. Data in accordance with the Guanzhong area, Qinba Mountains and northern Shaanxi respectively statistics, analysis and evaluation. Results The water standard compliance rate (64.89%) in Guanzhong area was significantly higher than that in Qinba Mountains (33.45%) and Northern Shaanxi (33.45%) (P <0.05). The water types in Guanzhong, Qinba Mountains and northern Shaanxi were respectively deep wells Water, stream water and shallow well water; the proportion of water supply projects with disinfection measures in three regions accounted for less than 35.00%; the compliance rates of total coliform bacteria in Guanzhong region, Qinba Mountain region and northern Shaanxi were 85.76% and 36.46% And 59.51% respectively. The compliance rates of the total number of colonies were 94.09%, 87.56% and 74.28% respectively. The compliance rates of fluoride and chromium (hexavalent) in Guanzhong were 89.06% and 97.70% respectively; the compliance rates of fluoride, chromium (hexavalent) and nitrate nitrogen in northern Shaanxi were 88.15%, 88.15% and 92.82% respectively. Conclusion Microbial contamination is the main factor affecting the water quality of rural centralized water supply project in Shaanxi Province. Guanzhong region, northern Shaanxi fluoride and chromium (hexavalence) and other toxicological indicators of excessive standard phenomenon.