集体主义作为伦理学的一个重要范畴,具有历史性、现实性和未来导向性的特点。目前,人们对集体主义的种种看法,虽然比较集中地从利益关系的角度,关注个人与集体的关系,但由于各自的着眼点不同,也就成为产生分歧的关键所在。关注利益无可厚非,因为利益是人们生存和发展的基础。然而,把集体主义限定在惟一的处理利益关系上,目光盯在个人利益与集体利益的矛盾上,就很难走出从理论到理论的怪圈。正确把握集体主义的本质,我们应该认识到,首先,集体主义是建立在利益基础上的道德原则,而不是分配个人利益与集体利益的具体 As an important category of ethics, collectivism has the characteristics of historicity, reality and future orientation. At present, people hold various views on collectivism, focusing on the relationship between individuals and collectives from the perspective of interest relations. However, due to their different focuses, they become the key to disagreements. Focusing on the benefits is understandable because benefits are the basis for the survival and development of people. However, confining collectivism to the sole treatment of the relationship of interests, it is very difficult to get out of the vicious circle of theory to theory in the conflict between individual interests and collective interests. Correctly grasp the essence of collectivism, we should recognize that, first of all, collectivism is based on the moral principles based on the benefits, rather than the allocation of individual and collective interests of the specific interest