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数字散斑相关方法,作为固体材料表面变形测量方法,是一种全场、无接触、高自动化和高精度的光学变形测量方法,与其他变形测量方法相比,具有灵敏度高,测量准确等一系列独特的优越性,在建筑工程变形测量及力学分析中得到较快的发展。本文阐述了数字散斑方法的基本原理,重点综述了数字散斑方法在混凝土、沥青材料、硅酸盐水泥、复合材料、负泊松比防爆材料等建筑材料以及混凝土结构、桥梁结构、岩土结构、木质结构等建筑结构力学行为测量与分析中的应用进展,总结并展望了数字散斑方法在未来建筑材料与结构在服役过程中有效监测的应用前景与发展趋势。随着数字散斑相关方法的测量精度与速度大幅提升,结合光纤技术与计算机模拟等方法,建筑材料与结构三维实体的微观力学行为有望实现全方位实时监测。
Digital speckle correlation method, as a measurement method of surface deformation of solid materials, is a full-field, non-contact, highly automated and high-precision optical deformation measurement method. Compared with other deformation measurement methods, digital speckle correlation method has the advantages of high sensitivity and accurate measurement Series of unique advantages, in the construction deformation measurement and mechanical analysis to get faster development. In this paper, the basic principle of digital speckle method is expounded. The digital speckle method is mainly introduced in the construction materials such as concrete, asphalt, Portland cement, composite materials and negative Poisson’s ratio explosion-proof materials, as well as concrete structures, bridge structures, Structure, wood structure and other building structure mechanics behavior measurement and analysis of the application progress, summed up and prospects of the digital speckle method in the future building materials and structures in service in the process of effective monitoring of the application prospects and development trends. With the digital speckle correlation method of measurement accuracy and speed greatly improved, combined with optical fiber technology and computer simulation methods, the microstructure behavior of building materials and structural 3D entities is expected to achieve full range of real-time monitoring.