本文报道了一个连续五代家庭中,有3例血小板减少症病人,伴有类似Fanconi贫血病人的染色体改变。遗传性血小板减少是少见的。作者对血小板减少的两名同胞姊弟和一名远亲,就血小板减少、血小板自身抗体、染色体改变和早熟癌进行了研究。病例Ⅳ和Ⅳ 3为姊弟,Ⅳ 6为远亲。Ⅳ 1(1955年生),血小板计数50～100×10~9/L,部分激活促凝血酶原激酶时间(APTT)、凝血酶原时间(PT)、血栓 This article reports the chromosomal alterations in 3 consecutive five-generation families with thrombocytopenia accompanied by Fanconi-like anemia. Hereditary thrombocytopenia is rare. The author studied two siblings and a distant relative of thrombocytopenia on thrombocytopenia, platelet autoantibodies, chromosomal changes and precocious cancers. Cases Ⅳ and Ⅳ 3 are younger siblings, Ⅳ 6 are distant relatives. Ⅳ 1 (1955), platelet count 50 ~ 100 × 10 ~ 9 / L, partial activation of prothrombin time (APTT), prothrombin time (PT), thrombus