当前的收入差距状况及趋势 根据国家统计局对全国数万户居民的抽样调查,1989年,城镇居民最高收入户(前10％)与最低收入户(后10％)的收入之比为3.399倍,1990、1991年则分别缩小为3.277倍、3.021倍,1994年则扩大为3.8323倍。1994年城镇居民的收入差距,是近年来最大的一年,收入分配的基尼系数为0.3。1995年有所缩小,为0.28。 今后2—3年内(1996—1998),估计城镇居民的分配基尼系数将趋于稳定或缩小。农村将趋于稳定,但有扩大的可能。 1994年收入差距的急剧扩大有几个特殊因素:一是1994年汇率并轨,导致外贸部门与非外贸部门之间的利益重新分配达1100亿元人民币,再加上到位的退税450亿元,1994年重新分配的利益达1550亿元人民币。二是一些调价政策的出台,也导致了社会利益的重新分配。这两个因素相加,估计至少有2000亿元的收入被重新分配。在这个重新分配的过程中,必然会出现收入差距拉 Current Income Gap Situation and Trend According to a sample survey of tens of thousands of households in China by the National Bureau of Statistics, in 1989, the ratio of the income of the highest income urban households (top 10%) to the lowest income households (bottom 10%) was 3.399 times In 1990 and 1991 respectively, it narrowed down to 3.277 times and 3.021 times respectively, and in 1994 it expanded to 3.8323 times. The income gap between urban residents in 1994 was the largest in recent years, with a Gini coefficient of income distribution of 0.3. The year 1995 has shrunk to 0.28. In the next 2-3 years (1996-1998), it is estimated that the Gini coefficient of urban residents’ allocation will stabilize or decrease. The rural areas will tend to be stable, but with the possibility of expansion. There were several special factors in the drastic expansion of the income gap in 1994: First, the merger of exchange rates in 1994 led to a redistribution of 110 billion yuan of interest between the foreign trade sector and the non-foreign trade sector. Coupled with the tax rebate of 45 billion yuan in place, 1994 The annual redistribution of benefits reached 155 billion yuan. Second, the introduction of some price adjustment policies has also led to the redistribution of social interests. Adding up these two factors, it is estimated that at least 200 billion yuan of income will be redistributed. In this redistribution process, inevitably there will be income gap