Objective: To explore the tophi in different parts of the human body of microstructure and main chemical components. To lay the foundation for further revealing the inflammatory response mechanism of gout patients. Methods: Use microscope, scanning electron microscope, etc. to observe the microstructure of tophi, and use scanning electron microscope energy spectrum analysis, X-ray fluorescence analysis, X-ray diffraction analysis, etc. to detect and analyze the main crystalline components and chemical elements of tophi. Results: Through HE staining and scanning electron microscopy, the tophi is irregular block shape and its interior is needle shaped and radial. The energy spectrum analysis showed that the main elements of tophi were C, N, O, Na, etc. X-ray fluorescence analysis was used to detect tophi in the knees, elbows, and feet, the main elements of tophi were Cl, S, Ca, P, etc. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the main crystalline components of tophi were sodium urate hydrate and sodium dihydrogen urate hydrate. Conclusion: The mainly elements of tophi are C, N, O, Na, Ca, Cl, S, P, etc. The main crystalline components of tophi were sodium urate hydrate and sodium dihydrogen urate hydrate.