成都市高等学校学生无偿献血的现状调查

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目的:探讨成都市高等学校(下文简称:高校)学生无偿献血的现状及其影响因素。方法:于2015年4月13日至2015年4月27日,选择成都市5所高校的850例高校学生为研究对象。高校学生的年龄为18~25岁;男性学生为341例,女性为509例。根据850例高校学生参加无偿献血的次数,将其分为未参加献血组(n n=428)、首次献血组(n n=302)和≥2次献血组(n n=120)。采用本研究自行设计的《成都市高校学生无偿献血情况调查问卷》,调查研究对象的年龄、性别、年级、参加无偿献血的原因、不再继续参加无偿献血的原因、获知无偿献血及血液生理知识的途径、高校内无偿献血宣传方式、鼓励无偿献血措施等情况。根据问卷调查结果,采用n χ2检验,对影响高校学生无偿献血次数的影响因素进行单因素分析。本研究遵循的程序符合2013年修订版《世界医学协会赫尔辛基宣言》要求。n 结果:①本研究共收集电子调查问卷872份,剔出无效问卷后,最终纳入有效问卷850份,问卷回收率为97.5%(850/872)。②本研究3组学生的性别和年级构成比分别比较,差异均有统计学意义(n χ2=39.28、n P<0.001,n χ2=127.25、n P<0.001),其中未参加献血组的大四年级学生所占比例最低,为1.2%(5/428)(n χ2=45.37、n P<0.001)。③单因素分析结果显示,帮助他人无私奉献和享受用血优惠政策为高校学生献血者参加无偿献血的影响因素(n χ2=4.34、n P=0.037,n χ2=20.70、n P<0.001);献血后身体不适、医护人员服务态度差、不愉快的献血经历为导致其不再继续参加无偿献血的影响因素(n χ2=3.21、n P=0.049,n χ2=14.19、n P<0.001,n χ2=5.78、n P=0.016);电视、报纸的获知无偿献血及血液生理知识途径,微博、微信的高校内无偿献血宣传方式,以及简化用血报销流程的鼓励无偿献血措施,为影响高校学生无偿献血次数的影响因素(n χ2=10.11、n P=0.006,n χ2=12.08、n P=0.003,n χ2=8.65、n P=0.013)。n 结论:血液中心需要不断提升献血服务质量,改善高校学生的无偿献血体验,从而保留高校学生献血者。通过开展多种宣传方式,提高高校学生对无偿献血的认知,并且建立科学、有效的无偿献血知识宣传和心理护理模式,从而推进高校无偿献血工作,确保无偿献血事业可持续发展。“,”Objective:To investigate the status and influencing factors of voluntary blood donation among college and university students in Chengdu.Methods:From April 13, 2015 to April 27, 2015, a total of 850 students from 5 colleges and universities in Chengdu were selected as the subjects. The age of blood donors were 18-25 years. Among them, there were 341 male students and 509 females. According to their voluntary blood donation times, they were divided into non-blood donation group (n n= 428), the first blood donation group (n n=302) and ≥ twice blood donation group (n n= 120). Using the self-designed n Questionnaire on voluntary blood donation of college and university students in Chengdu, the age, gender, grade, reasons for participating in voluntary blood donation, reasons for not continuing to participate in voluntary blood donation, ways to obtain knowledge of voluntary blood donation and blood, promotion methods of voluntary blood donation in colleges and universities, as well as measures of encouraging voluntary blood donation were investigated. According to the survey results of questionnaire, univariate analysis was conducted on the influencing factors that affected the times of voluntary blood donation among college and university students by chi-square test. The procedure followed in this study were in accordance with the requirements of the n World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki revised in 2013.n Results:① In this study, a total of 872 electronic questionnaires were collected. After eliminating invalid questionnaires, 850 valid questionnaires were finally included, and the questionnaire recovery rate was 97.5% (850/872). ② The gender and grade composition ratios of the three groups were compared, and the differences were statistically significant (n χ2=39.28, n P<0.001;n χ2=127.25, n P<0.001). In the non-blood donation group, the proportion of grade four students was the lowest as 1.2%(5/428) (n χ2=45.37, n P<0.001); ③ The results of univariate analysis showed that selfless dedication to help others and enjoying the preferential policy of blood use were the influencing factors for participating voluntary blood donation (n χ2=4.34, n P=0.037; n χ2=20.70, n P<0.001); unwell after blood donation, bad service attitude of medical staff and unpleasant blood donation experience were influencing factors that caused blood donors to stop participating blood donation again (n χ2=3.21, n P=0.049; n χ2=14.19, n P<0.001;n χ2=5.78, n P=0.016); obtaining knowledge of voluntary blood donation and blood through TV and newspapers, promotion methods to encourage voluntary blood donation in colleges and universities via Weibo and WeChat, as well as simplifying blood reimbursement procedures were the influencing factors affecting the blocd donation times of college and university students (n χ2=10.11, n P=0.006; n χ2=12.08, n P=0.003; n χ2=8.65, n P=0.013).n Conclusions:It is necessary for blood centers to continuously improve the quality of blood donation services, and improve blood donation experience to retain blood donors of college and university students. A variety of promotion methods need to be carried out to improve college and university students′ awareness of voluntary blood donation, and establish a scientific and effective voluntary blood donation knowledge publicity and psychological care models, in order to promote voluntary blood donation of college and university students, and ensure the sustainable development of voluntary blood donation.
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