古诗是文学教学的重要内容,也是历史教学的重要素材。古希腊诗人荷马的诗被称为“史诗”,中国唐代诗人杜甫的诗被称为“诗史”,就说明了诗这一文学形式的史学价值。前者指记史之诗,后者指用诗记史,语异意同。惟其诗可证史,所以也就可以引诗教史。但是,引诗教史,应该弄清诗的发展规律及其历史价值,注意科学性。本文欲借论说“诗言志”说的历史意义,来为引诗教史提供些文学理论依据,算是旁敲侧击吧。 “诗言志”出处,一说《尚书·尧典》,一说《左传·襄公二十七年》,诸说不一,但它是我国早期文学理论这一点是可以肯定的。它标志着我国人民对诗的认识开始由迷信走向科学。 Ancient poetry is an important content of literature teaching, and it is also an important material for history teaching. The poetry of Homer, an ancient Greek poet, was called “epic”. The poet Du Fu’s poetry in China was called “history of poetry”, which illustrated the historical value of this literary form of poetry. The former refers to the poem of history, and the latter refers to the history of poetry and the same language. Only the history of poetry can be proved, so it can also lead to the history of poetry. However, in citing the history of poetry, we should clarify the law of the development of poetry and its historical value, and pay attention to science. This article intends to provide some literary theoretical basis for quoting the history of poetry through the historical significance of the theory of “poetry and expressing history”. The source of “poetry expresses ambitions”, when it comes to the “Shangshu Yao Code,” and the “Twenty-seven Years of Zuo Chuan Gonggong”, there are different opinions, but it is certain that this is an early literary theory in China. It marks that our people’s understanding of poetry has started from superstition to science.