巨大纵隔肿瘤由于正常解剖的变异，肿瘤种类的繁多，临床表现缺乏特征性，X线表现形态不甚典型，其又常可穿入肺或支气管，发生继发性肺部感染，临床表现似病变原发肺部，给诊断造成不少困难。本文总结作者经手术治疗并经病理证实，资料完整的12例误诊病例分析如下。 Due to the normal anatomical variation of huge mediastinal tumors, the types of tumors are numerous, the clinical manifestations are lacking in features, the X-ray appearance is not typical, and they can often penetrate into the lungs or bronchus. Secondary lung infections occur and the clinical manifestations are like lesions. The primary lungs cause many difficulties in diagnosis. This article summarizes the author’s surgical treatment and pathological confirmation. The 12 cases of misdiagnosis with complete data are analyzed as follows.