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阳离子脂质是非病毒载体中应用最为广泛的一种基因传递载体,其结构中的4个部分各自发挥着重要作用。构效关系研究表明,阳离子脂质的疏水基团、骨架链、连接键以及阳离子头基等结构的微小变化均会不同程度的影响阳离子脂质的细胞毒性、基因结合能力以及转染效率。本文综述了近几年有关阳离子脂质的文献,介绍了阳离子脂质各部分结构组成,归纳了阳离子脂质构效关系研究中的各种作用规律,希望为未来新型阳离子脂质的合成开发及应用提供参考。
Cationic lipids are the most widely used gene delivery vectors in non-viral vectors, and four of their structures play an important role each. The structure-activity relationship studies show that the small changes of cationic lipids, such as hydrophobic groups, backbone chains, linkers and cationic head groups, will affect the cytotoxicity, gene binding ability and transfection efficiency of cationic lipids in varying degrees. This review summarizes the literatures on cationic lipids in recent years, introduces the structural components of cationic lipids, and summarizes the various roles in the study of the structure-activity relationship of cationic lipids. It is hoped that the synthesis and development of new cationic lipids in the future and Application for reference.