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本文借鉴新经济地理学研究集聚现象的资源禀赋、规模经济和运输成本等关键概念,建立寡头垄断模型下的空间集聚机制,同时考虑产业之间的纵向关联和企业之间的策略性互动关系,借助博弈论分析,来解释煤电产业基地的地理集聚现象。得出以下几点结论:第一,在不存在规模效应、运输成本和要素禀赋差异的情况下,煤电企业不会产生地理上的集聚。第二,逐步放开这些条件就会发现,要素禀赋差异引发了煤炭产业的空间集聚现象;规模效应加剧了煤炭企业的地理集聚。第三,当运输成本不存在时,煤炭产业的集聚不会引发相应的电力产业集聚,但是只要存在运输成本,即使运输成本很小,电力企业也会发生迁移从而集聚。可见,考虑了运输成本,煤炭企业的集聚带动了电力企业的集聚。第四,若考虑两地区煤炭企业存在技术上的差异,在不存在规模效应、运输成本和资源禀赋差异的情况下,西部地区煤炭企业将向东部集中。第五,在不存在运输成本和规模效应,但资源禀赋存在差异的条件下,煤炭企业在东西部地区的聚散取决于技术进步和资源禀赋差异带来的成本权衡。
This paper draws on the key concepts of resource endowment, economies of scale and transportation costs of agglomeration in the study of new economic geography and establishes the spatial agglomeration mechanism under the oligopoly model. At the same time, considering the vertical relationship between industries and the strategic interaction between enterprises, With the game theory analysis, to explain the geographical agglomeration of coal industry base. Draw the following conclusions: First, there is no scale effect, transportation costs and factor endowments differences, coal-fired power generation enterprises will not produce geographical agglomeration. Second, gradual release of these conditions will find that differences in factor endowments have caused the spatial agglomeration of the coal industry; the scale effect has exacerbated the geographical agglomeration of coal enterprises. Thirdly, when the transportation costs do not exist, the coal industry does not lead to the corresponding agglomeration of electric power industry. However, as long as there is transportation cost, the electric power enterprises will migrate and accumulate even if the transportation cost is very small. Can be seen, taking into account the cost of transportation, the gathering of coal companies led to the gathering of power companies. Fourthly, if we consider the technical differences between coal enterprises in the two regions, the coal enterprises in the western region will be concentrated in the east in the absence of the economies of scale, transportation costs and resource endowments. Fifth, under the condition of no transportation cost and economies of scale but different resource endowments, the coal enterprises’ accumulation in the east and west regions depends on the cost balance caused by differences in technological progress and resource endowments.