礼貌是社会交往过程中,维护社会秩序、促进人际关系的一个重要因素。但礼貌不是一个可以用“有”或是“没有”来回答的问题,一直以来,它都受到社会和文化因素的双重影响,是一个等级问题。Leech在1983年提出了以下三种不同的语用等级来区分礼貌:损益程度等级、选择程度等级、间接程度等级。 Politeness is an important factor in social interaction, maintaining social order and promoting interpersonal relationships. However, politeness is not a question that can be answered with “or ” or “without ”. It has always been subject to both social and cultural factors and is a matter of grade. Leech put forward the following three different pragmatic levels in 1983 to distinguish courtesy: P & L level, choice level, and indirect level.