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[目的]探讨职业性镍接触对工人外周血淋巴细胞微核率的影响以及染色体损伤作用。[方法]根据生产工艺的不同,选取某钢铁企业男性炼钢工、轧钢工及钢渣处理工共231人作为镍接触组,同时选择该企业的男性水泵工75人为对照组。采用人外周血淋巴细胞胞质分裂阻滞微核试验检测各组淋巴细胞的微核率;采用丁二酮肟分光光度法检测尿中镍的含量。[结果]不同镍接触组细胞微核率分别与对照组相比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),相关分析显示淋巴细胞微核率与尿镍含量呈正相关性(r=0.971,P<0.05);不同工龄组细胞微核率分别和对照组相比较,差异也有统计学意义(P<0.01),相关分析显示,工龄与细胞微核率和尿镍含量均呈正相关性(r_(微核率)=0.923,P<0.05;r_(尿镍)=0.915,P<0.05);不同镍接触组尿镍含量分别与对照组相比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);不同工龄尿镍含量分别与对照组比较,除工龄“0年～”和“6年～”组以外,各组与对照组相比,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。[结论]职业性镍接触使工人外周血淋巴细胞微核率增加,对染色体有损伤作用。
[Objective] To investigate the effect of occupational nickel exposure on micronucleus rate of peripheral blood lymphocytes in workers and the role of chromosome damage. [Method] According to the different production processes, 231 steel-making workers, steel-rolling workers and steel slag-treating workers from a steel company were selected as the nickel contact group. Meanwhile, 75 male water pump workers of the enterprise were selected as the control group. The micronucleus rate of lymphocytes in each group was detected by micronucleus test of cytokinesis of human peripheral blood lymphocytes. The content of nickel in urine was measured by dimethylglyoxime spectrophotometry. [Results] The micronucleus rate of different nickel exposure groups was significantly different from that of the control group (P <0.01). Correlation analysis showed that there was a positive correlation between the micronuclei frequency of lymphocytes and urine nickel (r = 0.971, P (P <0.01). Correlation analysis showed that there was a positive correlation between length of service and micronucleus frequency and urinary nickel content (r_ ( Micronucleus rate) = 0.923, P <0.05; r_ (urinary nickel) = 0.915, P <0.05). The urinary nickel contents in different nickel exposure groups were significantly different from those in control group (P <0.05) Compared with the control group, the nickel content of the working-age group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P <0.05) except for the years of service “0 years” and “6 years”. [Conclusion] Occupational nickel exposure increases the micronucleus rate of peripheral blood lymphocytes in workers and has an impairment on chromosomes.