哺乳动物中枢神经系统的神经元对缺氧和供血不足极其敏感。事实上,缺血缺氧应激触发脑内的多重病理生理的改变,是缺血缺氧性脑病的基础。缺血缺氧引起的早期重要的事件之一是离子稳态的失衡,其特征是钾离子外流和钠离子、钙离子及氯离子内流的增加,从而引起神经元的损伤甚至死亡。 Neurons in the mammalian central nervous system are extremely sensitive to hypoxia and insufficiency of blood supply. In fact, hypoxic-ischemic stress triggers multiple pathophysiological changes in the brain and is the basis of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. One of the early important events caused by ischemia and hypoxia is the imbalance of ionic homeostasis, which is characterized by an outgrowth of potassium ions and increased influx of sodium, calcium, and chloride ions that cause damage or even death of neurons.