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目的通过美国国家环境保护局(USEPA)吸入风险模型评估制鞋企业职业危害,探索其致癌效应和积累效应。方法选取浙江省制鞋企业4家,利用美国吸入风险评估模型分别对4家企业的致癌物进行职业危害风险评估,并对评估结果按公式RiskT=∑Riski进行求和。结果4家制鞋企业刷胶岗位苯和1,2-二氯乙烷积累癌症风险值分别是:(194.8~207.2)×10-6,(616.2~632.2)×10-6,(1 507.8~1 527.5)×10-6,(199.7~224.3)×10-6,刷胶岗位各工序工人接触苯和二氯乙烷Risk值均大于10-6,有些甚至是成倍增加,二氯乙烷致癌风险较高。4家制鞋企业胶合岗位接触苯和1,2-二氯乙烷积累癌症风险值分别是:(572.2~577.8)×10-6,(2 603.7~2 613.2)×10-6,(607.8~627.5)×10-6,(197.8~217.5)×10-6,4家制鞋企业的胶合岗位工人同时接触苯和1,2-二氯乙烷的积累癌症∑Risk值远大于10-6,成百上千倍增加。结论 4家制鞋企业各岗位工人在其一生中均存在得白血病和血管肉瘤的风险,二氯乙烷致癌风险较高,而且这4家制鞋企业的刷胶和胶合岗位工人积累癌症风险极高。
Objective To assess the occupational hazards of shoe-making enterprises through the USEPA inhalation risk model and explore their carcinogenic effects and accumulation effects. Methods Four shoe-making enterprises in Zhejiang Province were selected. Occupational hazard risk assessment of carcinogens was conducted in four enterprises by using the inhalation risk assessment model of the United States. The evaluation results were summed up according to the formula RiskT = ΣRiski. Results The risk of cancer accumulated in benzene and 1,2-dichloroethane in the four shoe-making enterprises were: (194.8 ~ 207.2) × 10-6, (616.2 ~ 632.2) × 10-6, (1 507.8 ~ 1 527.5) × 10-6, (199.7-224.3) × 10-6. The risk of exposure to benzene and ethylene dichloride in workers in various positions during the brushing operation was more than 10-6, with some doubling up. Dichloroethane High risk of cancer. Exposure to benzene and 1,2-dichloroethane in four shoe-making companies engaged in gluing poses the following risks: (572.2 ~ 577.8) × 10-6, (2 603.7 ~ 2 613.2) × 10-6, (607.8 ~ 627.5) × 10-6, (197.8 ~ 217.5) × 10-6 The cumulative ΣRisk value of cancers accumulated by workers in the gluing posts of 4 shoe-making enterprises simultaneously exposed to benzene and 1,2-dichloroethane was much larger than 10-6, Hundreds of thousands of times increase. Conclusion The workers in four shoe factories all have the risk of leukemia and angiosarcoma in their lifetimes. The risk of carcinogenicity of dichloroethane is high, and the workers in the four shoe-making enterprises have the risk of cancer risk accumulation high.