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本文从人民币汇率、成本构成和全国企业利润结构三个角度分析了近年来我国上下游商品价格出现传导失衡的原因。认为,从2002年以来美元持续贬值导致人民币出现较大幅度的低估,影响了价格传导机制的正常发挥;原材料、能源价格在下游企业总体成本中占比较小,导致下游企业可以不通过涨价即可消化;国内原材料、能源等上游商品生产企业的垄断特征与下游商品生产企业面临的竞争非常激烈的市场结构,导致上下游商品价格出现传导失衡。
This paper analyzes the reasons for the unbalanced transmission of upstream and downstream commodity prices in China from three aspects of RMB exchange rate, cost composition and national enterprise profit structure. That since the continuous devaluation of the U.S. dollar since 2002 led to a more substantial undervaluation of the RMB, affecting the normal conduction of the price transmission mechanism; raw materials, energy prices in the lower reaches of the overall cost of the smaller proportion of enterprises, leading downstream companies can not price increases that Digestible; domestic monopoly characteristics of raw materials, energy and other upstream commodity producers and downstream products manufacturers are facing very competitive market structure, resulting in the upstream and downstream commodity prices appear imbalanced.