一、引言:1893年由Finney作为胃肠道手术后并发症,最初报告伪膜性肠炎。认为外科手术引起肠道局部缺血性改变是产生伪膜性肠炎的基础。五十年代由于抗生素的广泛应用,抗生素成为产生伪膜性肠炎的主要危险因素。七十年代对伪膜性肠炎病原学的研究取得了很大的进展,厌氧杆菌感染的重要性,引起了临床医师的很大注意。 First, the introduction: Finney in 1893 as a postoperative gastrointestinal complications, initially reported pseudomembranous enteritis. Surgery that causes intestinal ischemia is the basis of pseudomembranous colitis. In the fifties, due to the wide application of antibiotics, antibiotics became the main risk factors of pseudomembranous colitis. Seventies on the etiology of pseudomembranous enteritis made great progress, the importance of anaerobic infection, aroused great attention of clinicians.