鼠疫是一种自然疫源性疾病,《中华人民共和国传染病防治法》规定鼠疫为甲类传染病。由于近年来鼠疫疫情在世界范围内明显回升,人间病例增加,鼠疫已被世界卫生组织列为重新流行的20种传染病之一[1]。鼠疫是危害人类最严重的烈性传染病,在人类历史上死于鼠疫的人数以亿万计[2]。 The plague is a natural foci of disease. The Law of the People’s Republic of China on Prevention and Control of Communicable Diseases stipulates that the plague is a type A contagious disease. As plague outbreaks have picked up worldwide in recent years and human cases have increased, the plague has been listed by the World Health Organization as one of the 20 endemic infectious diseases [1]. The plague is one of the most potent infectious diseases endangering mankind, with hundreds of millions of people plague the plague in human history [2].