油菜菌核病是里下河地区的首要病害，常年发病指数约20％，损失产量二成左右。通过对兴化、扬州8年的油菜菌核病发生情况的连续观测，结果表明：油菜开花期的降雨量是导致并加重菌核病的决定因素，而日均气温对菌核病的影响不大。病害不仅使千粒重降低，导致减产，而且使含油率下降，影响品质。本文还对防治指标进行了探讨。 Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is the most important disease in the Lixiahe area. The annual incidence index is about 20%, and the yield loss is about 20%. Through the continuous observation on the occurrence of sclerotinia in rapeseed in Xinghua and Yangzhou for eight years, the results showed that the rapeseed rape was the decisive factor in causing and aggravating sclerotinia, and the effect of average daily temperature on sclerotinia was not Big. Diseases not only reduce the 1000-grain weight, resulting in reduced production, but also to reduce the oil content, affecting quality. This article also discussed the prevention and control index.