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目的研究临朐县0~14岁儿童哮喘的危险因素以及患病率,为本病的治疗及预防提供有力依据。方法利用整群随机抽样的方法,在临朐县幼儿园、学校、防疫站抽取10 000名0~14岁儿童进行哮喘流行病学调查。结果总共调查0~14岁儿童10 000人,收到9 765份有效问卷,有效率为97.65%。哮喘儿童152例,患病率为1.56%;患病率最高的是学龄前期的儿童,男童患病率高于女童,男女比例为1.50∶1,差异有统计学意义(χ2=5.648,P<0.05)。家族过敏或哮喘史、过敏性鼻炎史、皮肤过敏史、食物过敏史、个人药物过敏史、早产、超体重、使用抗生素可能为哮喘发病的危险因素。结论 2012年临朐县0~14岁儿童哮喘患病率较10年前全国哮喘患病率有所升高,儿童哮喘患病率最高的年龄段是学龄前期。儿童哮喘的发病与多种因素相关。
Objective To study the risk factors and prevalence of asthma in children aged 0 ~ 14 years in Lintao County, and provide a strong basis for the treatment and prevention of this disease. Methods A total of 10 000 children aged 0-14 years old were collected from random sampling in Linqu County for epidemiological investigation of asthma. Results A total of 10,000 children aged 0-14 years were investigated. Nine 765 valid questionnaires were received, with an effective rate of 97.65%. 152 cases of asthma children, the prevalence was 1.56%; the highest prevalence of preschool children, the prevalence of boys was higher than girls, male to female ratio was 1.50: 1, the difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 5.648, P <0.05). Family history of allergy or asthma, history of allergic rhinitis, skin allergies, history of food allergies, history of personal drug allergy, premature birth, overweight, the use of antibiotics may be risk factors for asthma. Conclusions The prevalence of asthma in children aged 0-14 in Linli County in 2012 is higher than that in China 10 years ago. The highest prevalence of childhood asthma is pre-school age. The incidence of childhood asthma is related to many factors.