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本文通过整理新近发现的婺源冷水亭村《龙源欧阳起瑛家用账簿》抄本,结合实地考察,粗略勾勒20世纪初徽州农村的日常生活,并就徽州“排日账”(亦作“工夫账”)之由来、内涵以及与日常生活史研究的关系等,作了初步的探讨。指出:日常生活史的研究需要发掘新的文献史料,而排日账(工夫账)以其翔实的记录,为此项研究提供了极为丰富的史料来源。排日账的记录者并非局限于下层民众,除了以往所知的农民之外,具有较高文化素养的私塾先生,同样也有撰写排日账的习惯,关于这一点,可能与徽州当地经商风气之炽盛密切相关。在传统徽州,不仅本土与侨寓地徽商之间有着密切的交流,而且,即使是在徽州当地,日常生活中银钱的借贷往来,土地买卖中田地税负之推收过割,以及婚丧礼俗等活动中的诸多社交应酬等,都促使彼此之间的银钱结算显得极为频繁,这应是现存排日账在徽州所见独多的原因所在。今后,如何以文本(徽州文书)为基本线索展开实地调查,借助田野考察所获的感性认识,加深对民间历史文献的理解,进一步认识传统中国农村社会,可能是需要着力开展的一项研究。
This article summarizes the daily life of the rural areas of Huizhou in the early 20th century by sorting out the recently discovered copy of the “Household Account Book of Longyuan Ouyang Qiying” from Lengshuiting Village, Wuyuan, “Work Boo ”), the connotation and the relationship with the history of daily life, made a preliminary discussion. It points out that the study of daily life history needs to find out new historical documents, and the daily record of daily living (with time trial) provides an extremely rich source of historical data for this study. In addition to the peasants known in the past, private school teachers with high cultural accomplishments also have the habit of writing up daily accounts. This may be related to the local business practices of Huizhou Flaming is closely related. In traditional Huizhou, not only there is close exchange between the local and the overseas Chinese, but even in Huizhou, local loans and loans in the daily life of silver, the land tax in land sale and overdue tax cuts, as well as weddings and funerals Vulgar and other activities in many social entertainment, etc., have prompted the settlement between the silver money appears to be very frequent, this should be the existing daily book in Huizhou see the unique reason. In the future, it may be a study that needs to be carried out on the basis of the text (Huizhou Document) as the basic clues to conduct field surveys. With the aid of the perceptual knowledge gained through fieldwork, deepening the understanding of folk historical documents and further understanding the traditional Chinese rural society.