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东欧各国政治转型的经验和教训有着重要的理论意义,但既有研究中,“标签化”的评述掩盖了对具体历史的考察,将东欧作为一个整体的概论也多于对各国不同国情的比较。本文辨析了休克疗法、激进主义、全盘西化和民粹主义四种流行话语的真实性,并通过对匈牙利和波兰这两个差异性较大的案例进行历史比较,解释了匈牙利的精英主义策略和波兰的民粹主义特征。在政治转型理论中,这两国代表着两条最主要的转型道路,同时,这两条道路并非对立的关系,在漫长的转型过程中,它们是可以互相转换的,认识到这个理论的连续谱,有助于我们理解政治转型的复杂内涵。
The experiences and lessons learned from the political transformation in Eastern European countries are of important theoretical significance. However, in the existing studies, the review of “labeling” masks the examination of specific history. There are more generalizations of Eastern Europe as a whole than in other countries Comparison. This paper analyzes the authenticity of the four popular discourses of shock therapy, radicalism, total westernization and populism. By comparing the two widely different cases in Hungary and Poland, we explain the elitist strategy of Hungary and Poland Populist traits. In the theory of political transition, the two countries represent the two most important transitional paths. At the same time, these two paths are not antagonistic. In the long process of transition, they can be transformed into each other. Recognizing the continuity of this theory Spectrum helps us to understand the complex connotation of political transformation.