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目的通过了解南通市10年期间职业中毒的发病情况和特点,为控制职业中毒的发生提供科学依据。方法以南通市2006—2015年诊断的职业性中毒患者为研究资料,建立Excel数据库,分析职业中毒人群的基本情况、行业分布情况、中毒的化学物质和职业卫生监督管理等情况,提出有针对性的预防和管理建议。结果 (1)2006—2015年期间共网络报告职业中毒71例,其中急性职业中毒55例,占职业中毒总数的77.46%;慢性职业中毒16例,占职业中毒总数的22.54%。10年期间发生的急慢性职业中毒均未有死亡病例发生。(2)职业中毒发病年龄主要集中在35~55岁之间,未见年龄低于18周岁的未成年工。(3)发病率前3位的行业分别为化学原料和化学制品制造业、通用设备制造业、医药制造业。(4)引起职业性急性中毒的化学物质主要是一氧化碳、氯气;引起职业性慢性中毒的化学物质主要是苯、二甲基甲酰胺、铅。(5)急性职业中毒主要发生在第2和第3季度。结论各级政府和相关部门、企事业单位要重点关注中年职业人群和发病率高的行业,重点预防引起急慢性中毒的主要化学物;卫生监管部门应加强对南通市企业的安全卫生监管。
Objective To understand the incidence and characteristics of occupational poisoning during the 10-year period in Nantong City and provide a scientific basis for controlling occupational poisoning. Methods Taking the patients with occupational poisoning diagnosed in Nantong City from 2006 to 2015 as the research materials, the author established the Excel database, analyzed the basic situation of the occupationally poisoned people, the distribution of the industries, the poisoned chemical substances and the occupational health supervision and management, and put forward the targeted Prevention and management advice. Results (1) During the period of 2006-2015, 71 cases of occupational poisoning were reported on the internet, of which 55 were acute occupational poisonings, accounting for 77.46% of the total number of occupational poisonings; 16 were chronic occupational poisonings, accounting for 22.54% of the total. No acute or chronic occupational poisoning occurred in 10 years. (2) The incidence of occupational poisoning is mainly concentrated in the 35 to 55 years old, no age less than 18 years of age underage workers. (3) The incidence of the top three industries were chemical raw materials and chemical products manufacturing, general equipment manufacturing, pharmaceutical manufacturing. (4) The chemical substances that cause occupational acute poisoning are mainly carbon monoxide and chlorine. The chemicals that cause occupational chronic poisoning are mainly benzene, dimethylformamide and lead. (5) Acute occupational poisoning occurs mainly in the second and third quarters. Conclusions Government at all levels, relevant departments, enterprises and institutions should pay attention to middle-aged occupational groups and industries with high incidence, with a focus on prevention of major chemicals that cause acute and chronic poisoning. Health regulatory authorities should strengthen the supervision of the safety and hygiene of enterprises in Nantong City.