森林生态服务是一种公共物品,具有明显的外部性特征,依靠市场机制难以实现有效供给,即存在“市场失灵”问题。经济补偿是政府为了弥补市场机制的缺陷所做的一种制度安排。作为一项制度安排,如何补偿需要兼顾效率与公平,以免导致“政府失灵”。文章从补偿的额度、范围、方式三个方面进行了探讨。 Forest ecological service is a kind of public goods, with obvious external characteristics. It is difficult to realize effective supply by market mechanism, that is, there is the problem of “market failure”. Economic compensation is a kind of institutional arrangement made by the government to make up for the defects of the market mechanism. As a institutional arrangement, how to compensate for the need to take both efficiency and fairness into account, so as to avoid causing “government failure.” The article discusses the three aspects of compensation quota, scope and method.