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采用实验生态学方法室内模拟研究了不同浓度沉积再悬浮颗粒物对马氏珠母贝清滤率、摄食率、吸收率的影响。结果表明:(1)水体中总悬浮颗粒物对马氏珠母贝清滤率的影响极显著(P<0.01)。总悬浮颗粒物由低浓度(12.6 mg/L)趋高浓度(500 mg/L)时,马氏珠母贝的清滤率呈现峰值变化规律。与总悬浮颗粒物浓度50 mg/L时的最大清滤率(1.12 L.个体-1.h-1)比较,悬浮颗粒物浓度为500 mg/L时,清滤率达最小值(0.17 L.个体-1.h-1)),其清滤率降幅达85%。这表明在高浓度悬浮颗粒物的水环境下,贝类受到环境胁迫,其生理和自身摄食机制受到限制,引起摄食减少和机体损伤。马氏珠母贝类的清滤率(CR)与总悬浮颗粒物浓度(TPM)之间的关系可表达为:CR=-0.701+1.627×TPM-0.463×TPM2+0.036×TPM3(R2=0.928)。(2)水体中总悬浮颗粒物对马氏珠母贝摄食率的影响极显著(P<0.01)。马氏珠母贝的摄食率随着总悬浮颗粒物浓度的升高而增加,在50 mg/L时达最大值(38.28 mg/h),当总悬浮颗粒物浓度超过50 mg/L时,摄食率反而下降,在总悬浮颗粒物浓度为500 mg/L时,降为最小值(16.22 mg/h),摄食率降幅为58%。随着悬浮颗粒物浓度的增加,马氏珠母贝摄食率受到的影响小于清滤率受到的影响。马氏珠母贝类的摄食率(IR)与总悬浮颗粒物浓度(TPM)之间的关系可表达为:IR=-46.631+70.957×TPM-18.385×TPM2+1.367×TPM3(R2=0.907)。(3)水体中总悬浮颗粒物对马氏珠母贝吸收率影响极显著(P<0.01)。总悬浮颗粒物由低浓度(12.6 mg/L)趋高浓度(500 mg/L)时,马氏珠母贝的吸收率呈逐渐下降趋势,在总悬浮颗粒物12.6 mg/L时,马氏珠母贝的吸收率最大(48.57%),而总悬浮颗粒物500 mg/L时,马氏珠母贝的吸收率最小(8.56%)。马氏珠母贝的吸收率(AE)与总悬浮颗粒物浓度(TPM)之间的关系可表达为:AE=52.189+0.132×TPM-3.111×TPM2+0.316×TPM3(R2=0.976)。
The effects of different concentrations of sediment-resuspended particles on the filtration rate, ingestion rate and absorption rate of Martensite were studied by using laboratory ecology method. The results showed that: (1) The effect of total suspended particulates in the water on the filtration efficiency of malus was significant (P <0.01). When the total suspended particulates were elevated from low concentration (12.6 mg / L) to 500 mg / L, the filtration rate of M. martensii showed a peak value. When the concentration of suspended particulates was 500 mg / L, the filtration rate reached the minimum (0.17 L.), compared with the maximum filtration rate (1.12 L. individual -1.h-1) of the total suspended particulates concentration of 50 mg / L -1.h-1)), its filtration rate decreased by 85%. This indicates that under the water environment of high concentration of suspended particles, shellfish are subjected to environmental stress, and their physiological and self-feeding mechanisms are limited, resulting in reduced ingestion and body damage. The relationship between the clearance rate (CR) and the total suspended particulate concentration (TPM) of males can be expressed as CR = -0.701 + 1.627 × TPM -0.463 × TPM2 + 0.036 × TPM3 (R2 = 0.928) . (2) The impact of total suspended particulates in the water on the feeding rate of Pinctada martensii was significant (P <0.01). The feeding rate of M. jehoempter increased with the increase of the total suspended particulates, reaching the maximum at 38 mg / L (50 mg / L), while the total ingestion of suspended solids exceeded 50 mg / L But decreased to the minimum (16.22 mg / h) when the total suspended particulates concentration was 500 mg / L. The ingestion rate dropped by 58%. With the increase of suspended particle concentration, the feeding rate of M. jejuni was less affected than that of the filtration rate. The relationship between the feeding rate (IR) and the total suspended particulate concentration (TPM) of malachite shellfish can be expressed as: IR = -46.631 + 70.957 × TPM-18.385 × TPM2 + 1.367 × TPM3 (R2 = 0.907). (3) The total suspended particulates in the water had a significant effect on the absorption rate of M. marxianus (P <0.01). When the concentration of total suspended particulates increased from 12.6 mg / L to 500 mg / L, the absorption rate of M. marxianus decreased gradually. When the total suspended particulates were 12.6 mg / L, The absorptivity of shellfish was the highest (48.57%), while that of M. aeruginosa was the lowest (8.56%) when total suspended solids (500 mg / L) were used. The relationship between the absorptivity (AE) and the total suspended particulate concentration (TPM) of M. jejian can be expressed as: AE = 52.189 + 0.132 × TPM-3.111 × TPM2 + 0.316 × TPM3 (R2 = 0.976).