目的了解住院患者医院感染现况,为更有效地预防医院感染提供依据。方法采用横断面调查方法,对某医院住院患者医院感染情况及相关因素进行调查与分析。结果当日实查住院患者1 032例,查出医院获得感染患者42例、45例次,医院感染现患率4.07%、现患例次率4.36%。同时查出社区获得感染患者213例、244例次,社区获得感染率20.64%、感染例次率23.64%。医院和社区获得感染患者的感染部位均以下呼吸道感染为主,致病菌以革兰阴性杆菌为主,当日抗菌药物使用率为35.37%。结论该医院住院感染患者以社区获得感染为主,提示应加强社区感染防控措施和社会滥用抗菌药物管理,提高病原学标本送检率和药敏试验。 Objective To understand the status of nosocomial infections in hospitalized patients and provide evidence for more effective prevention of nosocomial infections. Methods A cross-sectional survey method was used to investigate and analyze the prevalence of nosocomial infections and the related factors in a hospital. Results On the day of investigation, 1 032 inpatients were investigated. Forty-two cases of hospital-acquired infections were found, 45 cases were found, the prevalence rate of nosocomial infection was 4.07%, and the prevalence rate was 4.36%. At the same time, 213 community-acquired infections were detected in 244 cases, the rate of community acquired infection was 20.64%, and the infection rate was 23.64%. Infected patients in hospitals and communities were infected with the following respiratory infections, mainly gram-negative bacilli, the day of antibacterial drug use was 35.37%. Conclusions Inpatients with inpatient infection in this hospital mainly have community-acquired infection, suggesting that community-based prevention and control measures and social abuse of antimicrobial agents should be strengthened to improve the rate of etiological examination and drug susceptibility testing.