小型构造一般指手标本和露头规模上能直接肉眼观测的地质构造。我们老一辈的构造地质学家,如李四光、张寿常、张文佑、马杏垣、吴磊伯等等,都重视对小型构造的基础理论和实践应用的研究。它是研究大构造的基础,对各种构造所反映的地壳岩石的应变状态和力学性质、构造的分布规律及形成机制、变形环境及应变史、甚至对地壳构造的发展都能提供许多重要的信息。它也是矿田构造的基 Small structures generally refer to the geological structure that can be directly observed with the naked eye on the scale of the hand and the size of the outcrop. Our older tectonic geologists, such as Li Siguang, Zhang Shouchang, Zhang Wanyou, Ma Xingyuan and Wu Leibo, all attach importance to the study of the basic theories and practical applications of small structures. It is the basis for the study of large structures. The crustal rocks, which are reflected by various structures, have many important and important features such as strain state and mechanical properties, distribution laws and formation mechanisms of structures, deformation environment and strain history, and even the development of crustal structures information. It is also the foundation of ore field structure