1、从管理成本降至最低转向把价值增至最高。企业管理与竞争之间关系的传统观念涉及的是管理成本的高低问题。20世纪中后期,经济发展的一个显著特征是大型组织中经济活动量不断增加。随着各种类型的企业组织间的合作不断创造较高的价值,人们开始注意到从把管理成本降至最低转向追求管理价值增至最高。 1, from the management costs down to the lowest value to the highest. The traditional notion of the relationship between business management and competition deals with the question of the level of management costs. A striking feature of economic development in the mid-to-late 20th century is the increasing economic activity in large organizations. As the cooperation between various types of business organizations continues to create higher value, people are beginning to notice the highest value from minimizing management costs to pursuing managerial value.