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弃渣场是开发建设项目水土保持重点防治区域,弄清该区域水土流失特征,总结其水土流失规律,对正确评价开发建设项目水土流失影响,科学预测水土流失强度和水土流失量,合理布设水土保持措施具有重要意义。大陆性干旱气候区,降水稀少,水土流失以风蚀为主,因此,仅对其风蚀特征进行观测研究。选取新疆波波娜水电站有代表性的4#弃渣场作为研究对象,采用降尘缸法观测侵蚀量,对2009、2010年观测数据进行计算和分析,结果表明,该弃渣场风蚀模数小于对照区,不是水土保持方案预测的水土流失主要区域,而坝址区、土料场和砂石料场及临时公路的侵蚀模数要远大于弃渣场,打破了传统思维,使研究人员对以硐室岩石爆破作业后堆放的内陆干旱区弃渣场的风蚀特征有了新的认识。对于今后遇到类似工程,希望能起到借鉴作用。
The spoil ground is the key area for prevention and control of soil and water conservation in the development and construction projects. The characteristics of soil and water loss in the region are clarified. The law of soil erosion is summed up. The correct evaluation of the impact of soil and water loss on development and construction projects, the scientific prediction of soil erosion and water and soil loss, Maintaining measures is of great importance. In the continental arid climatic zone, precipitation is scarce and soil erosion is dominated by wind erosion. Therefore, only the characteristics of wind erosion are observed and studied. Taking the 4 # spoil yard in Beipina hydropower station in Xinjiang as the research object, the erosion amount was measured by the dust-falling cylinder method, and the data of 2009 and 2010 were calculated and analyzed. The results show that the erosion modulus of the spoil yard is less than The control area is not a major area for water and soil loss predicted by the soil and water conservation program. However, the erosion modulus at the dam site, the soil material field, the gravel material yard and the temporary highway is much larger than that of the spoil ground, breaking the traditional thinking. There is a new understanding of the wind erosion features of the spoil grounds in inland arid areas stacked after rock blasting in chambers. For similar projects encountered in the future, hoping to play a reference.