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隧道开挖后已经破坏了原来围岩所建立的平衡,围岩产生应力重分部,在支护结构、衬砌和围岩自身的作用下达到新的平衡。所以衬砌在稳定围岩的作用上不言而喻,伴随着隧道技术的发展,衬砌的方法也渐渐完善起来,主要有整体式混凝土衬砌,拼装式衬砌,喷射混凝土衬砌和复合式衬砌。每一种衬砌方法都有各自的特点,适合不同地质条件和开挖施工条件的隧道。
After excavation of the tunnel, the original equilibrium of the surrounding rock has been destroyed and a stress re-division has been generated in the surrounding rock. Under the action of the support structure, the lining and the surrounding rock, a new balance is reached. Therefore, lining the role of stabilizing the surrounding rock is self-evident, along with the development of tunnel technology, lining method has gradually improved, mainly monolithic concrete lining, assembled lining, sprayed concrete lining and composite lining. Each lining method has its own characteristics, suitable for different geological conditions and excavation of the tunnel construction conditions.