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多年来高考对不定冠词的考查主要集中于a / an用于表示泛指,单数可数名词前a / an的选择,a/an与形容词､副词在一起时的语序问题及固定短语中总用不定冠词这四点上,但最近几年a/an的特殊用法在高考试题中时有出现,给广大考生答题增加了难度｡下面笔者结合高考题来总结备考中应注意的一些不定冠词的特殊用法｡
1.不定冠词用在不可数名词time, knowledge, understanding, population,history, area, height,speed等名词前,此类抽象名词有一些是由动词转化而来的,常与不定冠词连用｡如know = have a knowledge of； understand = have an understanding of； study = have a study of 等等｡例如:
To escape the pull of the earth, a rocket must reach a speed of 40,000k.p.h. 为摆脱地球的引力,火箭的速度必须达到每小时四万公里｡
China has an area of 9,600,000 square kilometers. 中国有九百六十万平方公里的面积｡
Corals are found in water with a depth of less than 60 metres.珊瑚可在水深不超过60米的水域找到｡
He has a knowledge of the surrounding countryside.他对周围的农村很熟悉｡
The city has a population of ten million.该城市有1000万人口｡
I had so wonderful a time that I never forgot it in my life.我玩得是如此开心,我一辈子也不会忘｡
例1: When you finish reading the book, you will have________better understanding of________life. (2004辽宁)
A. a； theB. the； a
C. 不填； the D. a； 不填
解析: 答案为D｡have a better understanding of 可看做一固定短语,相当于understand sth. better, life作为抽象名词在表示泛指时其前不加冠词｡
2. 不定冠词可用于某些抽象名词和物质名词前,使其具体化,表示某一次短暂的动作､行为､事件或具体的人｡例如:
have a dream / rest / smoke / swim / wash / look / trip (一次短暂行动)
take a walk / bath； make an early start / a decision / a change (同上)
What a surprise you gave me! (surprise具体化成一件惊喜的事)
You have been a great help to me.(help在句中意为有帮助的人)
It’s a pleasure / an honour / a pity/ a joy to ……(令人……的事)
As a writer he is a success. (成功的人)
What a pity / shame / honour! (多么令人……的事)
例2: Tom owns_________larger collection of_________books than any other student in our class. (2004江苏)
A. the； 不填 B. a； 不填
C. a； theD. 不填； the
解析: 答案为B｡a collection of 是固定搭配,题中collection已具体化为收藏品,books是名词复数表泛指的情况｡
3. 一些名词既可做可数名词,也可做不可数名词,具体为哪一种情况要依语境决定,如: a heavy rain(一场大雨);a surprise(一件令人惊奇的事);an unforgettable experience(一次难忘的经历)等｡
例3: Jumping out of_________airplane at ten thousand feet is quite_________exciting experience. (2002全国)
A. 不填； the B. 不填； an
C. an； anD. the； the
解析: 答案为C｡experience 作“经验”解时为不可数名词,作“经历”解时为可数名词｡
4. 冠词一般不与专有名词连用,但在一些特定的语言环境中冠词也会出现在专有名词前｡例如:
He thinks he is a Napoleon. (借喻用法,表示“像……的一个人或物)
他认为他是一个拿破仑式的人物｡
I’ll buy a Ford. 我要买一辆福特车｡
A Mrs Green is asking to see you. (姓名前用不定冠词,可表示“某个叫……的人,”且多指不认识的人)有一位格林太太要见你｡
例4: I knew_________John Lennon, but not_________famous one. (2005山东)
A. 不填； a B. a； the
C. 不填； the D. the； a
解析: 答案为B｡根据but所表示的逻辑关系及语境,前一空要用不定冠词表示泛指,即某一个叫列农的人,后一空中要用the是因为他是说话双方都知道的一个人,即影星列农｡
5. 表示独一无二的事物前的名词一般加定冠词the ,但如果名词前有修饰语时,也可能用不定冠词a / an｡例如:the world / a peaceful world； the moon / a bright moon.
例5: It is_________world of wonders,
world where anything can happen. (2004福建)
A. a； theB. a； a
C. the； a D.不填;不填
解析: 答案为B｡尽管world后有of wonder 及where引导的定语从句修饰,但依语境其中world仍是表泛指的用法,此时其前要用不定冠词｡
6. “不定冠词+形容词比较级+单数名词”表示“更……的”,而“不定冠词+形容词最高级”并无比较含义,它表示“十分,非常,极其”｡例如:
This book is too expensive for me. I want to look at a cheaper one.这本书对我而言太贵了｡我要去买一本便宜些的｡
It is a most useful book. (most=very) 这是一本极其有用的书｡
例6: Boris has brains. In fact, I doubt whether anyone in the class has
IQ. (2002全国)
A. a high B. a higher
C. the higherD. the highest
解析: 答案为B｡anyone in the class 与Boris相比较,故要用比较级｡the higher IQ指(两人中)比较高的智商,不能作为答案｡
例7: 序数词前通常用定冠词,但也有用不定冠词的情况｡例如:
Now tell me why you took a second arrow.告诉我为什么你手里拿着另一支箭｡(表示“又(另)一”,不侧重表达顺序)
He got a first prize in mathemetics.他得了数学比赛一等奖｡(表示名次中排“第几”)
This book reached me through a third person.这本书是由第三者转到我手中来的｡(表示任何一个“第几者”)
A third of the students failed in the exam.有三分之一的学生考试不及格｡(用分数词表示“几分之几”)
We played two draws(平局)the other day, but when I tried a third time, I was beaten.(a third time不是指有计划地从前两次排下来,它相当于again,不强调第几次)
8. 表示一日三餐的名词前面一般不用冠词,但前面如果有了定语修饰,也用不定冠词a / an｡例如:
Have you had supper？吃过饭了吗?
We had a wonderful supper. 我们美餐了一顿｡
【及时巩固练】
1. ―Hello, could I speak to Mr. Smith？
―Sorry, wrong number. There isn’t_________Mr. Smith here.(2006全国)
A. 不填B. aC. the D. one
2. ―Did you enjoy yourself at the party？
―Yes, I’ve never been to_________one before. (2006四川)
A. a more excited
B. the most excited
C. a more exciting
D. the most exciting
3. Many people agree that knowledge of English is a must in_________international trade today.
(NMET 1996年)
A. a； / B. the； an
C. the； the D. /； the
4. One way to understand thousands of new words is to gain_________good knowledge of basic word formation.
(2002上海)
A. 不填B. theC. a D. one
5. While he was investigating ways to improve the telescope, Newton made ________discovery which completely changed_________man’s understanding of colour. (2004广东)
A. a； 不填 B. a； the
C. 不填； the D. the； a
6. How beautifully she sings! I have never heard_________. (1996全国)
A. the better voiceB. a good voice
C. the best voice D. a better voice
7.—Do you think the weather is good enough for a picnic？
—Yes. You couldn’t hope for_________at this time of the year.
A. a nice dayB. the nice day
C. the nicest day D. a nicer day
8. There was_________time_________I hated to go to school. (2004湖北)
A. a； theB. a； when
C. the； the D. the； when
9. Mr. Smith has_________great interest in history, especially in_________history of the Ming Dynasty. (黄冈调研)
A. a； theB. a； 不填
C. 不填; the D. 不填; a
10.—The girl is said to have_________gift for teaching deaf children.
—She’s something. I think it calls for_________patience and imagination.
(六校联考)
A. a； the B. a； 不填
C. the； theD. 不填;a
11. My mother asked me to repeat telephone number_________second time so that she could write it down. (和平质检)
A. the； a B. an； the
C. an； aD. the； the
12.—It’s said that two Chinese engineers were kidnapped by terrorists in Pakistan yesterday.
―Yes,_________news came as_________ great surprise.
A. the； theB. 不填;不填
C. the； a D. 不填;a
13.―_________Mr. Smith is asking for you downstairs.
―Which Mr. Smith？
―It is_________Mr. Smith you talked about this morning.
―You mean_________Mr. John Smith.
A. /； /； the_________B. A； the； the
C. A； the； /D. The； the； the
14. Mr Smith told us that_________gold medal his son had got was considered_________great honor to the whole family.
A. the； / B. the； a
C. a； a D. a； the
15. You can try_________second time if you fail_________first time.
A. the； theB. a； the
C. a； 不填D. the； 不填
16.―If you don’t like the red coat, take the blue one.
―OK, but do you have_________size in blue？ This one is a bit tight for me.
A. a bigB. a bigger
C. the bigD. the bigger
17. We had_________hard time trying to persuade him to give up smoking.
A. such a B. such
C. so D. a so
18._________of English is helpful if you are devoted to_________English literature.(文学)
A. Good knowledge； study
B. A good knowledge； study
C. Good knowledge； studying
D. A good knowledge； studying
19. Wouldn’t it be_________wonderful world if all nations lived in_________peace with one another？ (南京模拟)
A. a； theB. the； the
C. a； 不填 D. the； 不填
20. With_________good education, he soon turned out to be_________VIP (very important person) of the company. (湖北重点)
A. a； theB. the； the
C. a； aD. ×； ×
及时巩固练习答案:
1. B2. C3. A4. C5. A6. D7. D8. B9. A10. B11. A12. C13. C14. B15. B16. B17. A18. D19. C20. C
1.不定冠词用在不可数名词time, knowledge, understanding, population,history, area, height,speed等名词前,此类抽象名词有一些是由动词转化而来的,常与不定冠词连用｡如know = have a knowledge of； understand = have an understanding of； study = have a study of 等等｡例如:
To escape the pull of the earth, a rocket must reach a speed of 40,000k.p.h. 为摆脱地球的引力,火箭的速度必须达到每小时四万公里｡
China has an area of 9,600,000 square kilometers. 中国有九百六十万平方公里的面积｡
Corals are found in water with a depth of less than 60 metres.珊瑚可在水深不超过60米的水域找到｡
He has a knowledge of the surrounding countryside.他对周围的农村很熟悉｡
The city has a population of ten million.该城市有1000万人口｡
I had so wonderful a time that I never forgot it in my life.我玩得是如此开心,我一辈子也不会忘｡
例1: When you finish reading the book, you will have________better understanding of________life. (2004辽宁)
A. a； theB. the； a
C. 不填； the D. a； 不填
解析: 答案为D｡have a better understanding of 可看做一固定短语,相当于understand sth. better, life作为抽象名词在表示泛指时其前不加冠词｡
2. 不定冠词可用于某些抽象名词和物质名词前,使其具体化,表示某一次短暂的动作､行为､事件或具体的人｡例如:
have a dream / rest / smoke / swim / wash / look / trip (一次短暂行动)
take a walk / bath； make an early start / a decision / a change (同上)
What a surprise you gave me! (surprise具体化成一件惊喜的事)
You have been a great help to me.(help在句中意为有帮助的人)
It’s a pleasure / an honour / a pity/ a joy to ……(令人……的事)
As a writer he is a success. (成功的人)
What a pity / shame / honour! (多么令人……的事)
例2: Tom owns_________larger collection of_________books than any other student in our class. (2004江苏)
A. the； 不填 B. a； 不填
C. a； theD. 不填； the
解析: 答案为B｡a collection of 是固定搭配,题中collection已具体化为收藏品,books是名词复数表泛指的情况｡
3. 一些名词既可做可数名词,也可做不可数名词,具体为哪一种情况要依语境决定,如: a heavy rain(一场大雨);a surprise(一件令人惊奇的事);an unforgettable experience(一次难忘的经历)等｡
例3: Jumping out of_________airplane at ten thousand feet is quite_________exciting experience. (2002全国)
A. 不填； the B. 不填； an
C. an； anD. the； the
解析: 答案为C｡experience 作“经验”解时为不可数名词,作“经历”解时为可数名词｡
4. 冠词一般不与专有名词连用,但在一些特定的语言环境中冠词也会出现在专有名词前｡例如:
He thinks he is a Napoleon. (借喻用法,表示“像……的一个人或物)
他认为他是一个拿破仑式的人物｡
I’ll buy a Ford. 我要买一辆福特车｡
A Mrs Green is asking to see you. (姓名前用不定冠词,可表示“某个叫……的人,”且多指不认识的人)有一位格林太太要见你｡
例4: I knew_________John Lennon, but not_________famous one. (2005山东)
A. 不填； a B. a； the
C. 不填； the D. the； a
解析: 答案为B｡根据but所表示的逻辑关系及语境,前一空要用不定冠词表示泛指,即某一个叫列农的人,后一空中要用the是因为他是说话双方都知道的一个人,即影星列农｡
5. 表示独一无二的事物前的名词一般加定冠词the ,但如果名词前有修饰语时,也可能用不定冠词a / an｡例如:the world / a peaceful world； the moon / a bright moon.
例5: It is_________world of wonders,
world where anything can happen. (2004福建)
A. a； theB. a； a
C. the； a D.不填;不填
解析: 答案为B｡尽管world后有of wonder 及where引导的定语从句修饰,但依语境其中world仍是表泛指的用法,此时其前要用不定冠词｡
6. “不定冠词+形容词比较级+单数名词”表示“更……的”,而“不定冠词+形容词最高级”并无比较含义,它表示“十分,非常,极其”｡例如:
This book is too expensive for me. I want to look at a cheaper one.这本书对我而言太贵了｡我要去买一本便宜些的｡
It is a most useful book. (most=very) 这是一本极其有用的书｡
例6: Boris has brains. In fact, I doubt whether anyone in the class has
IQ. (2002全国)
A. a high B. a higher
C. the higherD. the highest
解析: 答案为B｡anyone in the class 与Boris相比较,故要用比较级｡the higher IQ指(两人中)比较高的智商,不能作为答案｡
例7: 序数词前通常用定冠词,但也有用不定冠词的情况｡例如:
Now tell me why you took a second arrow.告诉我为什么你手里拿着另一支箭｡(表示“又(另)一”,不侧重表达顺序)
He got a first prize in mathemetics.他得了数学比赛一等奖｡(表示名次中排“第几”)
This book reached me through a third person.这本书是由第三者转到我手中来的｡(表示任何一个“第几者”)
A third of the students failed in the exam.有三分之一的学生考试不及格｡(用分数词表示“几分之几”)
We played two draws(平局)the other day, but when I tried a third time, I was beaten.(a third time不是指有计划地从前两次排下来,它相当于again,不强调第几次)
8. 表示一日三餐的名词前面一般不用冠词,但前面如果有了定语修饰,也用不定冠词a / an｡例如:
Have you had supper？吃过饭了吗?
We had a wonderful supper. 我们美餐了一顿｡
【及时巩固练】
1. ―Hello, could I speak to Mr. Smith？
―Sorry, wrong number. There isn’t_________Mr. Smith here.(2006全国)
A. 不填B. aC. the D. one
2. ―Did you enjoy yourself at the party？
―Yes, I’ve never been to_________one before. (2006四川)
A. a more excited
B. the most excited
C. a more exciting
D. the most exciting
3. Many people agree that knowledge of English is a must in_________international trade today.
(NMET 1996年)
A. a； / B. the； an
C. the； the D. /； the
4. One way to understand thousands of new words is to gain_________good knowledge of basic word formation.
(2002上海)
A. 不填B. theC. a D. one
5. While he was investigating ways to improve the telescope, Newton made ________discovery which completely changed_________man’s understanding of colour. (2004广东)
A. a； 不填 B. a； the
C. 不填； the D. the； a
6. How beautifully she sings! I have never heard_________. (1996全国)
A. the better voiceB. a good voice
C. the best voice D. a better voice
7.—Do you think the weather is good enough for a picnic？
—Yes. You couldn’t hope for_________at this time of the year.
A. a nice dayB. the nice day
C. the nicest day D. a nicer day
8. There was_________time_________I hated to go to school. (2004湖北)
A. a； theB. a； when
C. the； the D. the； when
9. Mr. Smith has_________great interest in history, especially in_________history of the Ming Dynasty. (黄冈调研)
A. a； theB. a； 不填
C. 不填; the D. 不填; a
10.—The girl is said to have_________gift for teaching deaf children.
—She’s something. I think it calls for_________patience and imagination.
(六校联考)
A. a； the B. a； 不填
C. the； theD. 不填;a
11. My mother asked me to repeat telephone number_________second time so that she could write it down. (和平质检)
A. the； a B. an； the
C. an； aD. the； the
12.—It’s said that two Chinese engineers were kidnapped by terrorists in Pakistan yesterday.
―Yes,_________news came as_________ great surprise.
A. the； theB. 不填;不填
C. the； a D. 不填;a
13.―_________Mr. Smith is asking for you downstairs.
―Which Mr. Smith？
―It is_________Mr. Smith you talked about this morning.
―You mean_________Mr. John Smith.
A. /； /； the_________B. A； the； the
C. A； the； /D. The； the； the
14. Mr Smith told us that_________gold medal his son had got was considered_________great honor to the whole family.
A. the； / B. the； a
C. a； a D. a； the
15. You can try_________second time if you fail_________first time.
A. the； theB. a； the
C. a； 不填D. the； 不填
16.―If you don’t like the red coat, take the blue one.
―OK, but do you have_________size in blue？ This one is a bit tight for me.
A. a bigB. a bigger
C. the bigD. the bigger
17. We had_________hard time trying to persuade him to give up smoking.
A. such a B. such
C. so D. a so
18._________of English is helpful if you are devoted to_________English literature.(文学)
A. Good knowledge； study
B. A good knowledge； study
C. Good knowledge； studying
D. A good knowledge； studying
19. Wouldn’t it be_________wonderful world if all nations lived in_________peace with one another？ (南京模拟)
A. a； theB. the； the
C. a； 不填 D. the； 不填
20. With_________good education, he soon turned out to be_________VIP (very important person) of the company. (湖北重点)
A. a； theB. the； the
C. a； aD. ×； ×
及时巩固练习答案:
1. B2. C3. A4. C5. A6. D7. D8. B9. A10. B11. A12. C13. C14. B15. B16. B17. A18. D19. C20. C