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目的了解廊坊地区健康体检人群大肠息肉的发病情况、内镜特征,并提出预防方法。方法将在中国石油天然气集团公司中心医院行结肠镜体检的1 817例健康体检人员作为研究对象,分析大肠息肉检出的情况、发生的年龄、常见部位、病理类型以及临床特征等。结果 1 817例健康体检人群中,有484人检出大肠息肉,检出率26.64%,男性检出率高于女性(χ2=4.30,P<0.05),随着年龄增加,大肠息肉检出率也增加(χ2=84.94,P<0.05)。大肠息肉发生部位以乙状结肠、直肠最为常见,在484例息肉患者共发现的936个息肉中乙状结肠、直肠占45.73%。腺瘤性息肉比例最高占57.59%。有大便习惯、性状改变及腹部手术史等高危因素的人群息肉发病率高于正常人(χ2=48.56,P<0.05)。结论临床上发现大肠息肉后应仔细观察息肉的形态、大小、部位,并进行病理活检;如果条件允许,应该摘除息肉,避免发生大肠癌变。同时要对有大肠癌家族史及大便性状改变及腹部手术史的人群及时行结肠镜筛查,预防大肠息肉癌变,并通过改善生活方式、调整肠功能等措施,减少大肠息肉的发生。
Objective To understand the incidence and endoscopic features of colorectal polyps in the health examination population of Langfang region and to propose the prevention methods. Methods A total of 1 817 cases of colonoscopy examination at the Central Hospital of China National Petroleum Corporation were studied. The detection of colorectal polyps, age, common sites, pathological types and clinical features were analyzed. Results Among 817 healthy people, 484 people were detected with colorectal polyps, the detection rate was 26.64%. The detection rate of male was higher than that of women (χ2 = 4.30, P <0.05). With the increase of age, the detection rate of colorectal polyps Also increased (χ2 = 84.94, P <0.05). Colorectal polyps site to the sigmoid colon, rectum is the most common in 484 cases of polyp patients were found in 936 polyps in the sigmoid colon, rectal accounted for 45.73%. The highest proportion of adenomatous polyps accounted for 57.59%. The incidence of polyps in people with high risk factors such as stool habits, trait changes and abdominal surgery history was higher than that in normal people (χ2 = 48.56, P <0.05). Conclusions Clinicopathological findings of polyps should be carefully observed polyp morphology, size, location, and pathological biopsy; if conditions permit, polyp should be removed to avoid colorectal cancer. At the same time to have a family history of colorectal cancer and stool traits and abdominal surgery history of the crowd colonoscopy screening in time to prevent colon cancer, and by improving lifestyle, intestinal function and other measures to reduce the incidence of colorectal polyps.