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肿瘤组织中存在一小群能够自我更新、增殖和分化,对肿瘤的发生、发展、复发、转移起决定作用的细胞,即肿瘤干细胞(cancer stem cells,CSCs)。在传统理论方法已不能攻克癌症的情况下,肿瘤干细胞理论为我们重新认识肿瘤的起源和本质提供了新的方向和视角。从20世纪50年代至今,随着生物技术的发展,肿瘤干细胞理论经历了从设想到验证的漫长历程。但该理论自提出之日起便受到来自各方面不同观点的质疑。当今针对肿瘤干细胞癌症治疗主要集中在靶向问题上。因此,寻找特异的肿瘤干细胞标志物,探索肿瘤干细胞与周围微环境间的复杂关系以及发现调控其功能的关键信号通路成为当前研究的热点。
There is a small group of tumor cells that can self-renew, proliferate and differentiate, and play a decisive role in tumorigenesis, development, recurrence and metastasis, namely, cancer stem cells (CSCs). Under the condition that the traditional theoretical methods can not overcome the cancer, the cancer stem cell theory provides a new direction and perspective for us to re-understand the origin and essence of the tumor. Since the 1950s till now, with the development of biotechnology, cancer stem cell theory has undergone a long journey from imagination to verification. However, the theory has been challenged from various points of view since it was put forward. Cancer treatment for cancer stem cells today focuses on targeting issues. Therefore, looking for specific tumor stem cell markers to explore the complex relationship between tumor stem cells and the surrounding microenvironment and find the key signal pathways that regulate its function become the hotspot of current research.