管仲在《管子·水地篇》中说:“是以圣人之化世也,其解在水。……是以圣人治于世也,不人告也,不户说也,其枢在水。”这些就是治国之枢在于水的道理。马克思在探讨东方社会的独特道路时指出,东方社会有一个显著的特征,就是水利事业作为国家的公共工程,在东方社会的生产方式和国家的政治活动中,具有十分重要的地位。(马克思《不列颠在印度的统治》)纵观中国几千年的发展史,水利事业的盛衰往往同社会制度和生产关系的变革有着直接的关系。这种关系一方面表现在水利作为社会生产力的组成部分直接作用于社会,引起社会的变革;另一方面表现在社会的变革又影响水利事业的发展。水利 Guanzhong said in Guan Tiandi: “It is based on the savior of the saint, its solution is in the water. ... It is also controlled by the saint, Water. ”These are the tricks of governing the country in water. In discussing the unique ways of oriental society, Marx pointed out that there is a distinctive feature of the eastern society in that water conservancy, as a national public project, plays a very important role in the production mode of the eastern society and in the political activities of the country. (Marx’s “British Rule in India”) Throughout several thousand years of history in China, the ups and downs of water conservancy often have a direct bearing on the changes in the social system and the relations of production. On the one hand, this relationship is manifested in that water conservancy directly affects the society as an integral part of social productive forces and causes social changes. On the other hand, it shows that social changes affect the development of water conservancy. Water conservancy