膀胱癌是泌尿外科最常见的肿瘤,近年来有逐渐增多之势,WHO 报告美国每年因膀胱癌死亡者为所有癌症死亡病例的3%。男与女之比约为2.5～4:1。男女的发病年龄高峰均在51～70岁。经数十年的探索,膀胱癌的治疗有了较新的发展。尽管目前仍强调以手术治疗为主,放疗、化疗为辅,但因单纯手术的效果欠佳、复发率高,近十多年来出现了各种非手术疗法以辅助手术之不足。 Bladder cancer is the most common tumor in urology. It has gradually increased in recent years. WHO reports that 3% of all cancer deaths in the United States are due to bladder cancer death each year. The ratio of male to female is about 2.5 to 4:1. The peak age of onset of both men and women is between 51 and 70 years old. After decades of exploration, there has been relatively new development in the treatment of bladder cancer. Although emphasis is still placed on surgical treatment, supplemented by radiotherapy and chemotherapy, the effects of simple surgery are poor and the recurrence rate is high. In the past decade or more, various non-surgical therapies have emerged to assist in surgery.