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目的:探讨下呼吸道医院感染特点及预防措施。方法:采用前瞻性监测和回顾性调查方法,对作者所在医院2007年1月—2009年12月下呼吸道医院感染病例进行分析。结果:基础疾病呼吸系统疾病中下呼吸道医院感染率最高,占30.61%;感染病原菌以革兰阴性菌为主,占78.85%;下呼吸道医院感染危险因素为年龄、住院时间、广谱抗菌药物的大量使用、严重的基础疾病和侵入性诊疗操作等。结论:加强下呼吸道医院感染危险因素监测,严格消毒隔离及无菌操作,限制侵入性操作,合理使用抗菌药物,积极治疗原发疾病,才能有效降低下呼吸道医院感染的发生。
Objective: To investigate the characteristics and preventive measures of lower respiratory tract inpatients. Methods: The prospective surveillance and retrospective investigation methods were used to analyze the cases of lower respiratory tract infection in the hospital from January 2007 to December 2009. Results: The most common respiratory infections were underlying diseases in the hospital, accounting for 30.61%. Gram-negative bacteria accounted for 78.85%. The risk factors for nosocomial infections in lower respiratory tract were age, hospital stay, broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents Heavy use, serious underlying diseases and invasive diagnostic procedures. CONCLUSIONS: It is effective to reduce the risk of nosocomial infections in lower respiratory tract by monitoring the risk factors of nosocomial infections in lower respiratory tract, strictly sterilizing and sterilizing them, restricting invasive procedures, using antibacterials reasonably and actively treating primary diseases.